南昌濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)(dian)阻過低(di)，塵粒難以保持在(zai)集塵電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)上(shang)，致使(shi)其重返氣流。比電(dian)(dian)阻過高(gao)，到(dao)達集塵電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的塵粒電(dian)(dian)荷不易放出，在(zai)塵層之間形成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)梯度會產生(sheng)局部擊(ji)穿和放電(dian)(dian)現象。

這(zhe)(zhe)些情況都會造成除塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率下(xia)降。工作原(yuan)理/靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器用(yong)(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在其通過(guo)除塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極時,帶(dai)正/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)微粒(li)分(fen)(fen)別被負/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極板(ban)吸附,即達到除塵(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de).由(you)(you)于輻射(she)摩擦等(deng)原(yuan)因，空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)含有少量的(de)(de)自由(you)(you)離(li)子(zi)，單靠這(zhe)(zhe)些自由(you)(you)離(li)子(zi)是不可能(neng)使(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)粒(li)充分(fen)(fen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)。因此(ci)，要利用(yong)(yong)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)分(fen)(fen)離(li)須具備兩(liang)個基本(ben)條件，一(yi)是存在使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是存在使(shi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)分(fen)(fen)離(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一(yi)般的(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器采用(yong)(yong)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分(fen)(fen)離(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合(he)一(yi)的(de)(de)方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)(de)金屬棒接高壓直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)負極，集塵(chen)(chen)極接地為正極，集塵(chen)(chen)極可以采用(yong)(yong)圓管，也可以采用(yong)(yong)平板(ban)。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓(ya)升高到數(shu)值后(hou)，放電(dian)極(ji)(ji)附近的(de)(de)(de)離(li)(li)子獲(huo)得了較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)能量和速度，它們(men)撞擊空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)性原(yuan)子時，中(zhong)性原(yuan)子會分解成正(zheng)、負(fu)離(li)(li)子，這(zhe)種現(xian)象(xiang)稱(cheng)(cheng)為空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)離(li)(li)。空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)離(li)(li)后(hou)，由于(yu)聯鎖反(fan)應(ying)，在(zai)極(ji)(ji)間運動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)離(li)(li)子數(shu)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)增加，表現(xian)為極(ji)(ji)間的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流急劇(ju)增加，空(kong)氣(qi)成了導體。放電(dian)極(ji)(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)全部電(dian)離(li)(li)后(hou)，在(zai)放電(dian)極(ji)(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)可以(yi)看見一(yi)圈(quan)淡(dan)藍色的(de)(de)(de)光環，這(zhe)個(ge)光環稱(cheng)(cheng)為電(dian)暈。電(dian)除塵器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)暈范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)通常(chang)局限于(yu)金屬棒周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)幾(ji)毫米處。

空氣在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)暈范圍(wei)電(dian)離(li)后(hou)，正(zheng)離(li)子(zi)很(hen)(hen)快向負極(ji)(ji)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)，只有負離(li)子(zi)才會進(jin)入電(dian)暈外區，向陽極(ji)(ji)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)。含塵(chen)空氣通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)器時(shi)，由于電(dian)暈區的(de)(de)范圍(wei)很(hen)(hen)小，只有少量的(de)(de)塵(chen)粒在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)暈區通(tong)過(guo)，獲得(de)正(zheng)電(dian)荷，沉積在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)暈極(ji)(ji)上。

大多數塵粒在電暈外(wai)區通(tong)過，獲得(de)負電荷(he)，沉積在陽(yang)極(ji)板上(shang)，當(dang)塵埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。