鄭州濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電阻(zu)過低，塵粒難以保持在集(ji)塵電極上，致(zhi)使其重返氣流(liu)。比電阻(zu)過高，到(dao)達集(ji)塵電極的(de)塵粒電荷(he)不易放(fang)(fang)出，在塵層之間形成(cheng)電壓梯度會(hui)產生局部擊穿和放(fang)(fang)電現象。

這(zhe)些(xie)情況都會造成(cheng)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率(lv)下降。工作(zuo)原理/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器用(yong)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)使(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在其(qi)通過除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時,帶正(zheng)(zheng)/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)微粒分別被負/正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板吸(xi)附,即達到除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de).由(you)于輻射摩(mo)擦等原因(yin)(yin)，空(kong)氣中(zhong)含(han)有(you)少量的(de)(de)自由(you)離(li)子(zi)，單靠(kao)這(zhe)些(xie)自由(you)離(li)子(zi)是不(bu)可(ke)能使(shi)含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)空(kong)氣中(zhong)的(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒充分荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，要利用(yong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)分離(li)須具備兩(liang)個基本(ben)條件，一(yi)是存在使(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)；二是存在使(shi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒分離(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)。一(yi)般的(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器采用(yong)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)和分離(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)合一(yi)的(de)(de)方(fang)法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)金屬棒接(jie)高壓直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)負極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)接(jie)地為(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)采用(yong)圓管，也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)采用(yong)平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高(gao)到數值后，放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)附近的(de)(de)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)獲得了較高的(de)(de)能量和速度，它們撞(zhuang)擊(ji)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣中的(de)(de)中性原子(zi)(zi)時，中性原子(zi)(zi)會(hui)分解成正、負離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)，這種現象稱為(wei)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)。空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后，由于(yu)聯鎖反應，在極(ji)間運(yun)動的(de)(de)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)數大(da)大(da)增加，表現為(wei)極(ji)間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流急劇(ju)增加，空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣成了導體。放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后，在放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)可以看見一(yi)圈淡藍色的(de)(de)光(guang)環(huan)，這個光(guang)環(huan)稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)。電(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)范(fan)圍(wei)通常(chang)局限于(yu)金屬棒(bang)周圍(wei)幾毫米處。

空氣(qi)(qi)在(zai)電暈范圍電離(li)后，正(zheng)離(li)子很快向(xiang)負極移(yi)動(dong)，只(zhi)有負離(li)子才會進入電暈外區(qu)，向(xiang)陽極移(yi)動(dong)。含塵空氣(qi)(qi)通過電除塵器時，由(you)于電暈區(qu)的范圍很小，只(zhi)有少量的塵粒在(zai)電暈區(qu)通過，獲(huo)得正(zheng)電荷，沉積在(zai)電暈極上。

大(da)多(duo)數塵(chen)粒在(zai)電(dian)暈外(wai)區(qu)通過，獲得負(fu)電(dian)荷，沉積在陽極(ji)板上(shang)，當塵埃聚集(ji)到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。