張家界濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比(bi)電阻過低，塵(chen)粒難以保持(chi)在集塵(chen)電極(ji)上，致使(shi)其重(zhong)返氣流。比(bi)電阻過高，到達(da)集塵(chen)電極(ji)的塵(chen)粒電荷不(bu)易(yi)放(fang)出，在塵(chen)層之間形(xing)成(cheng)電壓梯度會產生(sheng)局(ju)部(bu)擊穿(chuan)和放(fang)電現象。

這些(xie)情況都會造成除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降。工作原理/靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器用強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)使(shi)(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)(li)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)其通過除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時(shi),帶正(zheng)/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)微粒(li)(li)分別被(bei)負/正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板吸(xi)附,即達到除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de)(de)(de).由(you)于輻射摩(mo)擦等原因，空氣中含有少量的(de)(de)(de)(de)自由(you)離(li)(li)子(zi)，單靠這些(xie)自由(you)離(li)(li)子(zi)是不可(ke)(ke)能使(shi)(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣中的(de)(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)(li)充分荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此(ci)，要利用靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)分離(li)(li)須具備(bei)兩個基本條件，一(yi)是存在(zai)使(shi)(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)；二是存在(zai)使(shi)(shi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)(li)分離(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)。一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器采(cai)用荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)和分離(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)合一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬棒接高壓(ya)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)負極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)接地為正(zheng)極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用圓管，也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用平(ping)板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到(dao)數(shu)值(zhi)后(hou)，放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)附近的(de)(de)離子(zi)獲得了(le)較高(gao)的(de)(de)能量和速度，它(ta)們撞擊空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中的(de)(de)中性原(yuan)子(zi)時，中性原(yuan)子(zi)會分解(jie)成正(zheng)、負離子(zi)，這種現象稱為(wei)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)離。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)離后(hou)，由于(yu)聯鎖反(fan)應，在極(ji)間運動(dong)的(de)(de)離子(zi)數(shu)大大增(zeng)加，表現為(wei)極(ji)間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流急劇增(zeng)加，空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)成了(le)導(dao)體。放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)全部電(dian)(dian)離后(hou)，在放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)可(ke)以看見一圈淡藍色的(de)(de)光(guang)環，這個(ge)光(guang)環稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)暈范圍(wei)通(tong)常局限于(yu)金屬棒周圍(wei)幾毫米處。

空氣(qi)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)范(fan)圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后，正離(li)(li)子很快向(xiang)負極(ji)移動(dong)(dong)，只有負離(li)(li)子才會(hui)進(jin)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)外區(qu)，向(xiang)陽極(ji)移動(dong)(dong)。含(han)塵空氣(qi)通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器時，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)區(qu)的(de)范(fan)圍很小，只有少量的(de)塵粒在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)區(qu)通(tong)過(guo)，獲得正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，沉(chen)積(ji)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)極(ji)上。

大多(duo)數塵粒在電(dian)暈外區通過，獲得負電(dian)荷，沉積在陽極板上，當塵(chen)埃(ai)聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。