榆林濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)(dian)阻過低，塵粒難以保持在(zai)集(ji)塵電(dian)(dian)極上，致(zhi)使其重返氣流。比電(dian)(dian)阻過高，到(dao)達集(ji)塵電(dian)(dian)極的塵粒電(dian)(dian)荷不易放出，在(zai)塵層之(zhi)間形成電(dian)(dian)壓梯度會(hui)產生局部擊穿和放電(dian)(dian)現象。

這些情況(kuang)都會造成除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率下降。工(gong)作(zuo)原理/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器用(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)(zai)其通過除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時(shi),帶正/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)微粒(li)分(fen)別被負/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板吸附,即達到除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de).由于輻(fu)射摩擦等原因，空(kong)氣中含(han)有(you)少(shao)量的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)由離(li)(li)子，單(dan)靠(kao)這些自(zi)由離(li)(li)子是(shi)不(bu)可(ke)能使(shi)(shi)(shi)含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)空(kong)氣中的(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)充分(fen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)。因此，要(yao)利(li)用(yong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)分(fen)離(li)(li)須具備兩個基本條件，一是(shi)存在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是(shi)存在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)分(fen)離(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一般的(de)(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器采(cai)用(yong)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分(fen)離(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合一的(de)(de)(de)方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬棒(bang)接高(gao)壓(ya)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)負極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)接地(di)為正極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)可(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)圓管，也可(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電(dian)壓升高到數值后(hou)，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)附近的(de)(de)離(li)子獲得了較高的(de)(de)能量和速度(du)，它(ta)們(men)撞擊空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)中(zhong)性(xing)原子時，中(zhong)性(xing)原子會分解成正、負離(li)子，這(zhe)種現(xian)象稱為空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)。空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)，由于聯(lian)鎖反應，在(zai)極(ji)(ji)間運動的(de)(de)離(li)子數大大增加(jia)，表現(xian)為極(ji)(ji)間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流急劇增加(jia)，空(kong)氣(qi)成了導體。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)的(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)，在(zai)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)可以看(kan)見一圈淡藍色的(de)(de)光環(huan)(huan)，這(zhe)個光環(huan)(huan)稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈范圍(wei)通(tong)常局限(xian)于金屬棒周(zhou)圍(wei)幾毫米處。

空氣在電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)范圍電(dian)(dian)離(li)后，正離(li)子(zi)(zi)很快向(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)極(ji)移動，只有負(fu)離(li)子(zi)(zi)才會進入(ru)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)外區(qu)(qu)，向(xiang)(xiang)陽極(ji)移動。含塵(chen)空氣通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器時，由于電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)(qu)的范圍很小，只有少量的塵(chen)粒在電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)(qu)通過(guo)，獲得正電(dian)(dian)荷(he)，沉積在電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)上。

大多(duo)數塵粒在電暈外區通過，獲(huo)得(de)負電荷，沉積在(zai)陽極板(ban)上，當塵埃(ai)聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。