岳陽濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比(bi)(bi)電(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)(guo)低，塵(chen)粒難以保(bao)持(chi)在集(ji)塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)極上，致使(shi)其重返(fan)氣(qi)流。比(bi)(bi)電(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)(guo)高，到達集(ji)塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)極的塵(chen)粒電(dian)(dian)荷不易放出，在塵(chen)層之間形成電(dian)(dian)壓梯度會產(chan)生局部擊穿和(he)放電(dian)(dian)現象。

這(zhe)些情況都會造成除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效率下降(jiang)。工(gong)作原(yuan)理(li)/靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器用(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)使(shi)(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)(li)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在其通(tong)過除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時,帶正/負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)微粒(li)(li)分(fen)別被(bei)負(fu)/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板(ban)吸附,即達到除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de)(de).由(you)于(yu)輻射摩擦等原(yuan)因，空氣中含有少量的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)由(you)離子(zi)，單(dan)靠(kao)這(zhe)些自(zi)(zi)由(you)離子(zi)是不可能使(shi)(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)空氣中的(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)粒(li)(li)充分(fen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)。因此，要(yao)利用(yong)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)分(fen)離須具備(bei)兩個基本條(tiao)件，一是存在使(shi)(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)；二是存在使(shi)(shi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)(li)分(fen)離的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)。一般的(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器采用(yong)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)和分(fen)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)合一的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)金屬棒接高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)接地為正極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)可以(yi)采用(yong)圓管，也可以(yi)采用(yong)平板(ban)。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電(dian)壓(ya)升高到(dao)數值后(hou)，放電(dian)(dian)極附近的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)獲(huo)得了較高的(de)(de)能(neng)量和速度，它(ta)們撞擊空(kong)氣(qi)中的(de)(de)中性原子(zi)時，中性原子(zi)會(hui)分解成(cheng)正、負離(li)子(zi)，這種(zhong)現象稱(cheng)為空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)離(li)。空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)，由于聯鎖反應，在極間運動的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)數大大增(zeng)加，表現為極間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)急劇增(zeng)加，空(kong)氣(qi)成(cheng)了導(dao)體。放電(dian)(dian)極周圍(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)，在放電(dian)(dian)極周圍(wei)(wei)(wei)可以看見(jian)一圈淡(dan)藍色的(de)(de)光(guang)環，這個光(guang)環稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)暈范圍(wei)(wei)(wei)通常(chang)局限于金屬棒周圍(wei)(wei)(wei)幾毫米處。

空氣在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)范圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后(hou)，正(zheng)離(li)(li)子很快(kuai)向(xiang)負極移(yi)動，只(zhi)(zhi)有負離(li)(li)子才會進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)外區，向(xiang)陽(yang)極移(yi)動。含塵(chen)(chen)空氣通(tong)(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)時，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區的(de)范圍很小，只(zhi)(zhi)有少(shao)量(liang)的(de)塵(chen)(chen)粒在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區通(tong)(tong)過(guo)，獲(huo)得(de)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，沉積在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)極上。

大多數塵粒在電(dian)暈外區(qu)通(tong)過(guo)，獲得負電(dian)荷，沉積在陽極板上(shang)，當(dang)塵埃(ai)聚(ju)集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。