益陽濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過(guo)低，塵(chen)(chen)粒難以保(bao)持在集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)上，致(zhi)使其(qi)重返(fan)氣流。比電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過(guo)高，到達集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的塵(chen)(chen)粒電(dian)(dian)荷不易放出，在塵(chen)(chen)層之間(jian)形成電(dian)(dian)壓梯度會產生(sheng)局部(bu)擊穿(chuan)和放電(dian)(dian)現象。

這些情況都會(hui)造成除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降。工作原(yuan)理/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器用強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在其(qi)通過除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時,帶正/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)微粒分(fen)別被負/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板吸附,即達到除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de)(de).由于輻射(she)摩(mo)擦等(deng)原(yuan)因，空氣中(zhong)含有少量的(de)(de)(de)自由離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)，單靠這些自由離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)是(shi)不可能使(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒充分(fen)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)。因此，要(yao)利用靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)須(xu)具備兩(liang)個基本條件，一是(shi)存在使(shi)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二(er)是(shi)存在使(shi)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一般的(de)(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器采(cai)用荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和(he)分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合一的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)金屬棒接高壓直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)負極(ji)，集(ji)(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)接地為正極(ji)，集(ji)(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)可以(yi)采(cai)用圓(yuan)管，也可以(yi)采(cai)用平(ping)板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓(ya)升高(gao)到數值后(hou)(hou)，放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)附近的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)獲得了(le)較高的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)和速度，它們撞擊(ji)空氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)中(zhong)性(xing)原子(zi)時，中(zhong)性(xing)原子(zi)會分解成正(zheng)、負離(li)子(zi)，這(zhe)種(zhong)現象(xiang)稱為(wei)(wei)空氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)離(li)。空氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)(hou)，由于聯鎖反應，在極(ji)間(jian)運動的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)數大(da)大(da)增(zeng)加(jia)，表(biao)現為(wei)(wei)極(ji)間(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流急劇增(zeng)加(jia)，空氣(qi)成了(le)導體。放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)全部電(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)(hou)，在放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)(wei)可以看(kan)見(jian)一圈淡藍色的(de)(de)光環(huan)，這(zhe)個光環(huan)稱為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)。電(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)通常局限于金(jin)屬棒周圍(wei)(wei)幾毫米處(chu)。

空氣在(zai)電(dian)暈(yun)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)電(dian)離后，正離子很快(kuai)向負(fu)極(ji)移(yi)動(dong)，只有(you)負(fu)離子才會進入電(dian)暈(yun)外(wai)區(qu)，向陽極(ji)移(yi)動(dong)。含塵空氣通過電(dian)除塵器時，由于電(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)的范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)很小，只有(you)少量的塵粒(li)在(zai)電(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)通過，獲得正電(dian)荷，沉積在(zai)電(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)上(shang)。

大多數塵粒在電暈(yun)外區通(tong)過，獲得(de)負電荷(he)，沉積在(zai)陽極板上，當塵埃聚(ju)集到(dao)程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。