西安濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過低，塵(chen)(chen)粒難以保(bao)持在集塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)上，致(zhi)使其(qi)重(zhong)返氣流(liu)。比電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過高，到達集塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的塵(chen)(chen)粒電(dian)(dian)荷(he)不(bu)易放出(chu)，在塵(chen)(chen)層(ceng)之間(jian)形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)梯度會產生局部擊穿(chuan)和(he)放電(dian)(dian)現(xian)象(xiang)。

這些(xie)情況都(dou)會造成除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降。工作(zuo)原理/靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器用強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使(shi)(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)其(qi)通過除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時,帶正/負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)微粒(li)分(fen)(fen)別被(bei)負(fu)/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板吸附,即(ji)達到除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de)(de).由于(yu)輻射摩擦(ca)等原因，空氣(qi)中(zhong)含(han)有少量的(de)(de)(de)自由離(li)子，單靠(kao)這些(xie)自由離(li)子是不(bu)可能(neng)使(shi)(shi)含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)充分(fen)(fen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)。因此，要(yao)利用靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)分(fen)(fen)離(li)須具備兩個基本條件，一(yi)是存(cun)在(zai)使(shi)(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是存(cun)在(zai)使(shi)(shi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)分(fen)(fen)離(li)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器采用荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分(fen)(fen)離(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)金屬棒接(jie)高壓(ya)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)接(jie)地為(wei)正極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)可以采用圓管，也可以采用平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電(dian)壓升(sheng)高到數值(zhi)后(hou)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)附近的(de)離子獲得了(le)較高的(de)能量和速度，它們撞擊空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)性原子時，中(zhong)(zhong)性原子會分解成正、負離子，這種現(xian)象(xiang)稱為空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)離。空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)離后(hou)，由(you)于(yu)聯(lian)鎖反應(ying)，在(zai)極(ji)(ji)間運動的(de)離子數大大增加，表現(xian)為極(ji)(ji)間的(de)電(dian)(dian)流急劇增加，空(kong)氣(qi)成了(le)導體(ti)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)的(de)空(kong)氣(qi)全部(bu)電(dian)(dian)離后(hou)，在(zai)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)可以(yi)看見一圈淡(dan)藍色的(de)光(guang)環，這個(ge)光(guang)環稱為電(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)電(dian)(dian)暈范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)通常局限于(yu)金屬棒(bang)周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)幾(ji)毫米處。

空(kong)氣在電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)范(fan)圍電(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后，正離(li)(li)子很(hen)快向負極移動(dong)，只(zhi)有(you)負離(li)(li)子才會進入(ru)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)外(wai)區(qu)(qu)，向陽(yang)極移動(dong)。含塵空(kong)氣通過電(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器時，由于電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)區(qu)(qu)的范(fan)圍很(hen)小，只(zhi)有(you)少量的塵粒(li)在電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)區(qu)(qu)通過，獲(huo)得正電(dian)(dian)荷，沉積在電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)極上。

大多數塵粒在電(dian)(dian)暈外區通過，獲得(de)負電(dian)(dian)荷，沉積在陽極板上(shang)，當(dang)塵埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。