武漢濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比(bi)電(dian)阻過低(di)，塵(chen)粒難以保持在(zai)集塵(chen)電(dian)極上(shang)，致使(shi)其重返氣流。比(bi)電(dian)阻過高，到達集塵(chen)電(dian)極的塵(chen)粒電(dian)荷不易(yi)放出，在(zai)塵(chen)層之間形成(cheng)電(dian)壓梯度會(hui)產生局部擊(ji)穿和(he)放電(dian)現(xian)象(xiang)。

這些情(qing)況(kuang)都會造成除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降。工(gong)作原理/靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器用強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場使(shi)(shi)(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在其通(tong)過除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時(shi),帶正/負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)微(wei)粒(li)分(fen)(fen)別被(bei)負(fu)/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板(ban)吸附,即達到除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de)(de).由(you)于輻射(she)摩擦等原因，空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中含有少量的(de)(de)(de)自由(you)離(li)(li)子，單靠(kao)這些自由(you)離(li)(li)子是不可(ke)能使(shi)(shi)(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)。因此，要利用靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)分(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)須具備兩個(ge)基(ji)本條件，一是存(cun)在使(shi)(shi)(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場；二是存(cun)在使(shi)(shi)(shi)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)分(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場。一般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器采用荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場和分(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場合一的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)棒接高壓(ya)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)極(ji)，集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)接地為正極(ji)，集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)可(ke)以采用圓管，也可(ke)以采用平板(ban)。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到(dao)數(shu)值后(hou)，放(fang)電(dian)極(ji)附近的(de)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)獲得了較高的(de)能量和速度，它們撞擊空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中的(de)中性(xing)原子(zi)時(shi)，中性(xing)原子(zi)會分(fen)解(jie)成正、負離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)，這種(zhong)現象稱為空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)離(li)(li)(li)(li)。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)離(li)(li)(li)(li)后(hou)，由于聯鎖反應，在極(ji)間(jian)運動的(de)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)數(shu)大(da)大(da)增(zeng)加(jia)，表現為極(ji)間(jian)的(de)電(dian)流急劇(ju)增(zeng)加(jia)，空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)成了導體。放(fang)電(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)的(de)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)全部電(dian)離(li)(li)(li)(li)后(hou)，在放(fang)電(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)可以看見一圈淡藍色的(de)光(guang)環(huan)，這個光(guang)環(huan)稱為電(dian)暈(yun)(yun)。電(dian)除塵(chen)器的(de)電(dian)暈(yun)(yun)范圍(wei)通(tong)常局(ju)限于金屬棒周圍(wei)幾毫米處。

空氣在電暈范(fan)圍電離后，正(zheng)離子(zi)很快向負極移動，只有負離子(zi)才會進(jin)入電暈外區，向陽極移動。含塵空氣通過電除塵器時，由(you)于(yu)電暈區的(de)(de)范(fan)圍很小，只有少量的(de)(de)塵粒在電暈區通過，獲得(de)正(zheng)電荷(he)，沉積在電暈極上。

大多數塵粒(li)在電(dian)暈外(wai)區通過，獲(huo)得負電(dian)荷，沉積在(zai)陽極板上，當塵(chen)埃聚集(ji)到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。