通遼濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電阻過低，塵(chen)粒(li)難以保持在集(ji)塵(chen)電極(ji)上(shang)，致使(shi)其重返(fan)氣流(liu)。比電阻過高(gao)，到達集(ji)塵(chen)電極(ji)的塵(chen)粒(li)電荷不易放出，在塵(chen)層之間形成(cheng)電壓梯度會產生局部擊穿和(he)放電現象。

這些情況都(dou)會造成除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效率(lv)下降。工作原理(li)/靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)用強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)使(shi)(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)其通(tong)過(guo)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時,帶正/負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)微粒分(fen)(fen)別被負(fu)/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板吸附,即達到除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de).由(you)于輻射摩擦等原因(yin)，空(kong)氣(qi)中含(han)有少量的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)由(you)離子，單靠(kao)這些自(zi)(zi)由(you)離子是(shi)(shi)(shi)不可能(neng)使(shi)(shi)含(han)塵(chen)(chen)空(kong)氣(qi)中的(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)粒充分(fen)(fen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)。因(yin)此，要利(li)用靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)分(fen)(fen)離須具(ju)備兩個基(ji)本條件(jian)，一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)存在(zai)使(shi)(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)存在(zai)使(shi)(shi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒分(fen)(fen)離的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)。一(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)采(cai)(cai)用荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)和分(fen)(fen)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)合一(yi)的(de)(de)方法，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬棒接高壓(ya)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)負(fu)極(ji)，集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)接地為正極(ji)，集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)可以采(cai)(cai)用圓管，也可以采(cai)(cai)用平(ping)板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電(dian)壓升高到數(shu)值(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)附(fu)近(jin)的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)獲(huo)得(de)了較(jiao)高的(de)(de)能量和速度(du)，它們撞擊空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)中(zhong)性(xing)原子(zi)時，中(zhong)性(xing)原子(zi)會分解成正、負離(li)子(zi)，這種現象稱為(wei)空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)。空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)(hou)，由于(yu)聯鎖反應，在極(ji)間(jian)(jian)運動的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)數(shu)大大增(zeng)加(jia)，表(biao)現為(wei)極(ji)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流急劇(ju)增(zeng)加(jia)，空(kong)氣(qi)成了導體。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)的(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)(hou)，在放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)可以看見一圈淡藍色的(de)(de)光環，這個光環稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈范圍(wei)通常局限于(yu)金屬(shu)棒(bang)周圍(wei)幾(ji)毫米處。

空氣在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈范圍(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離后，正離子(zi)很快(kuai)向負(fu)極(ji)移動，只有(you)負(fu)離子(zi)才(cai)會進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈外(wai)區，向陽(yang)極(ji)移動。含塵(chen)(chen)空氣通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器時，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈區的范圍(wei)很小，只有(you)少量的塵(chen)(chen)粒在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈區通(tong)過，獲得(de)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，沉積在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈極(ji)上(shang)。

大多數塵粒(li)在電(dian)暈(yun)外區(qu)通過，獲(huo)得負電(dian)荷，沉積在陽極板上(shang)，當塵埃聚集(ji)到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。