通化濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過低(di)，塵粒(li)難以保持在集(ji)塵電(dian)(dian)極(ji)上，致使其(qi)重返(fan)氣流。比電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過高，到達集(ji)塵電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)塵粒(li)電(dian)(dian)荷不易放出(chu)，在塵層之間(jian)形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)壓梯度會產(chan)生局部擊(ji)穿和放電(dian)(dian)現象(xiang)。

這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)情(qing)況都會造成除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下(xia)降。工作原理/靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器用(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場使(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在其通過除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極時,帶正/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)微(wei)粒分(fen)別(bie)被負/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極板吸(xi)附,即達到(dao)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de).由(you)(you)于輻射摩(mo)擦等原因，空氣中含有少(shao)量的(de)(de)自(zi)由(you)(you)離(li)子，單靠這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)自(zi)由(you)(you)離(li)子是不可能使(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣中的(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒充分(fen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)。因此，要(yao)利(li)用(yong)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)分(fen)離(li)須(xu)具備兩(liang)個基本條件，一是存在使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場；二是存在使(shi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒分(fen)離(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場。一般的(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器采用(yong)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場和分(fen)離(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場合(he)一的(de)(de)方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)棒接高(gao)壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)負極，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極接地為(wei)正極，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極可以采用(yong)圓管，也可以采用(yong)平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到數值后(hou)(hou)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)附近的(de)離(li)子(zi)獲(huo)得了較(jiao)高的(de)能量和速度，它們撞擊空(kong)(kong)氣中(zhong)的(de)中(zhong)性原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)時，中(zhong)性原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)會分解成正(zheng)、負離(li)子(zi)，這種現象稱(cheng)為空(kong)(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)離(li)。空(kong)(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)(hou)，由于聯鎖(suo)反(fan)應，在(zai)極(ji)(ji)間(jian)運動的(de)離(li)子(zi)數大大增加，表現為極(ji)(ji)間(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流急(ji)劇增加，空(kong)(kong)氣成了導體。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)周圍的(de)空(kong)(kong)氣全部電(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)(hou)，在(zai)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)周圍可以看見(jian)一(yi)圈淡藍色的(de)光環(huan)，這個光環(huan)稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)電(dian)(dian)暈范圍通(tong)常局(ju)限于金(jin)屬棒周圍幾毫米處。

空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)在電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)范圍電(dian)(dian)離后(hou)，正(zheng)離子(zi)很(hen)(hen)快向負(fu)極移(yi)動(dong)，只(zhi)有(you)負(fu)離子(zi)才會進入電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)外區，向陽極移(yi)動(dong)。含塵(chen)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)通過電(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器時，由于電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區的(de)范圍很(hen)(hen)小，只(zhi)有(you)少量的(de)塵(chen)粒在電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區通過，獲得(de)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)荷，沉積在電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)極上。

大多數塵粒在電暈(yun)外(wai)區通(tong)過(guo)，獲得負電荷，沉積(ji)在陽極板(ban)上，當(dang)塵埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。