天津濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)過(guo)低，塵(chen)粒難以保持在集塵(chen)電(dian)極(ji)上，致(zhi)使其重返氣流。比電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)過(guo)高，到達集塵(chen)電(dian)極(ji)的塵(chen)粒電(dian)荷不易放出(chu)，在塵(chen)層之間形(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)壓梯度會產生局部(bu)擊穿和放電(dian)現象。

這(zhe)些情況都會造成除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降。工作原理/靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)用(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使灰(hui)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)(li)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)其通過除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極時(shi),帶正/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)微(wei)粒(li)(li)分(fen)別被(bei)負/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極板(ban)吸附,即達(da)到除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de).由于輻射(she)摩(mo)擦(ca)等原因，空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)少量的(de)(de)自由離(li)子，單靠這(zhe)些自由離(li)子是不可能(neng)使含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)(li)充分(fen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)。因此(ci)，要利用(yong)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)分(fen)離(li)須(xu)具(ju)備兩個基(ji)本條件，一(yi)是存(cun)在(zai)使粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是存(cun)在(zai)使荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)(li)分(fen)離(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一(yi)般的(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)采用(yong)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和(he)分(fen)離(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合一(yi)的(de)(de)方(fang)法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)(de)金屬(shu)棒接高壓直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)負極，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極接地為正極，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極可以采用(yong)圓管(guan)，也可以采用(yong)平板(ban)。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到(dao)數(shu)值(zhi)后，放電(dian)極(ji)附(fu)近的(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)獲得了較(jiao)高的(de)能量(liang)和速度，它(ta)們(men)撞擊(ji)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中的(de)中性原子(zi)(zi)時，中性原子(zi)(zi)會分解成(cheng)正、負離(li)子(zi)(zi)，這(zhe)種現象稱為空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)離(li)。空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)離(li)后，由于聯鎖反應，在極(ji)間(jian)運(yun)動的(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)數(shu)大大增(zeng)加，表現為極(ji)間(jian)的(de)電(dian)流急(ji)劇增(zeng)加，空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)成(cheng)了導體(ti)。放電(dian)極(ji)周(zhou)圍的(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)全(quan)部(bu)電(dian)離(li)后，在放電(dian)極(ji)周(zhou)圍可以看見(jian)一圈淡藍色的(de)光環，這(zhe)個光環稱為電(dian)暈。電(dian)除塵器的(de)電(dian)暈范(fan)圍通常局限于金(jin)屬棒周(zhou)圍幾毫米(mi)處(chu)。

空氣在(zai)電(dian)暈范圍電(dian)離(li)后(hou)，正離(li)子很快向(xiang)(xiang)負極移動，只有負離(li)子才會進(jin)入(ru)電(dian)暈外(wai)區，向(xiang)(xiang)陽(yang)極移動。含(han)塵(chen)空氣通(tong)過電(dian)除塵(chen)器時，由于電(dian)暈區的(de)范圍很小，只有少量的(de)塵(chen)粒在(zai)電(dian)暈區通(tong)過，獲得正電(dian)荷，沉(chen)積在(zai)電(dian)暈極上(shang)。

大多數塵(chen)粒在(zai)電暈外區通過，獲得負電荷，沉積在(zai)陽極板上，當(dang)塵埃(ai)聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。