朔州濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)阻(zu)過低，塵(chen)粒(li)難以保持在(zai)集塵(chen)電(dian)極上，致使其重返(fan)氣流。比電(dian)阻(zu)過高，到達集塵(chen)電(dian)極的塵(chen)粒(li)電(dian)荷不易放出，在(zai)塵(chen)層之間(jian)形(xing)成電(dian)壓梯度會(hui)產(chan)生局部(bu)擊穿和(he)放電(dian)現(xian)象(xiang)。

這(zhe)些情況都(dou)會(hui)造成除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率(lv)下降。工作原理/靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器用強電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian),在其通(tong)過(guo)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極時,帶(dai)正(zheng)(zheng)/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)微粒分(fen)(fen)別被負/正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極板吸附,即達到除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)目(mu)的(de)(de).由于輻(fu)射摩擦等原因(yin)，空氣中含有少(shao)量的(de)(de)自由離子，單靠這(zhe)些自由離子是不(bu)可(ke)能使(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣中的(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒充(chong)分(fen)(fen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)。因(yin)此，要利用靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)分(fen)(fen)離須具備兩(liang)個基(ji)本(ben)條(tiao)件，一是存在使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是存在使(shi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒分(fen)(fen)離的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一般的(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器采用荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分(fen)(fen)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合一的(de)(de)方法，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)(de)金屬棒接高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)負極，集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極接地為正(zheng)(zheng)極，集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極可(ke)以(yi)采用圓管，也可(ke)以(yi)采用平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電(dian)壓升高(gao)到數值后(hou)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極附近的(de)(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)獲得了較高的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)和速度，它們撞擊空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)原子(zi)(zi)時，中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)原子(zi)(zi)會分解成(cheng)正、負離(li)子(zi)(zi)，這種現(xian)(xian)象稱為(wei)空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)。空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)，由于聯鎖(suo)反應，在極間運動的(de)(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)數大大增(zeng)(zeng)加，表現(xian)(xian)為(wei)極間的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流急劇增(zeng)(zeng)加，空(kong)氣(qi)成(cheng)了導(dao)體。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極周(zhou)圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)全部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)，在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極周(zhou)圍(wei)可(ke)以看見一圈淡藍色(se)的(de)(de)(de)光環，這個光環稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈范圍(wei)通常局(ju)限于金屬棒周(zhou)圍(wei)幾毫米處(chu)。

空氣(qi)在(zai)電(dian)暈范圍電(dian)離后，正離子很快(kuai)向負極移動(dong)(dong)，只(zhi)有負離子才會進入電(dian)暈外區(qu)，向陽極移動(dong)(dong)。含塵空氣(qi)通過電(dian)除塵器時，由(you)于(yu)電(dian)暈區(qu)的范圍很小，只(zhi)有少量的塵粒在(zai)電(dian)暈區(qu)通過，獲(huo)得正電(dian)荷，沉積在(zai)電(dian)暈極上(shang)。

大多(duo)數(shu)塵粒在電(dian)暈外(wai)區通(tong)過(guo)，獲得負電(dian)荷，沉積在陽(yang)極板(ban)上，當塵埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。