石嘴山濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比(bi)電(dian)阻過(guo)(guo)低，塵粒難以保持在集(ji)塵電(dian)極(ji)上，致(zhi)使其重返氣流。比(bi)電(dian)阻過(guo)(guo)高，到達集(ji)塵電(dian)極(ji)的塵粒電(dian)荷不易放(fang)出，在塵層之間形成電(dian)壓梯度會產(chan)生(sheng)局部(bu)擊穿和放(fang)電(dian)現象。

這(zhe)些情(qing)況都會造(zao)成除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降。工(gong)作原理/靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器用(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)其通(tong)過除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)時,帶正/負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)微(wei)粒(li)分(fen)別(bie)被負(fu)(fu)/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板吸附,即達到除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)目(mu)的(de)(de).由(you)于輻射(she)摩擦等原因(yin)，空氣中(zhong)含有(you)少(shao)量的(de)(de)自由(you)離子(zi)，單靠這(zhe)些自由(you)離子(zi)是不可能使(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣中(zhong)的(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)充分(fen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)。因(yin)此，要利用(yong)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)分(fen)離須具備兩個(ge)基(ji)本條件，一是存在(zai)使(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是存在(zai)使(shi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)分(fen)離的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一般的(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器采用(yong)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分(fen)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合一的(de)(de)方(fang)法，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)金屬(shu)棒(bang)接(jie)高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)地(di)為正極(ji)(ji)(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)可以采用(yong)圓管，也(ye)可以采用(yong)平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到(dao)數值后，放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)附近的(de)(de)(de)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)獲得了(le)較高的(de)(de)(de)能量和速(su)度(du)，它們撞擊空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)原子(zi)(zi)(zi)時，中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)原子(zi)(zi)(zi)會分解成正、負離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，這種現(xian)(xian)象稱為空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)。空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后，由(you)于聯鎖反應，在(zai)(zai)極(ji)(ji)間(jian)運動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)數大大增(zeng)加，表現(xian)(xian)為極(ji)(ji)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流急劇增(zeng)加，空(kong)氣(qi)成了(le)導體。放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)周圍的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)全部電(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后，在(zai)(zai)放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)周圍可以(yi)看見一圈淡(dan)藍色的(de)(de)(de)光環(huan)，這個光環(huan)稱為電(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)暈范圍通常局限于金屬棒(bang)周圍幾毫米處。

空氣在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)范(fan)圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離后，正(zheng)離子(zi)很快向負(fu)極(ji)移動，只有負(fu)離子(zi)才會進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)外(wai)區，向陽極(ji)移動。含塵(chen)空氣通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器時(shi)，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)區的(de)(de)范(fan)圍很小，只有少(shao)量的(de)(de)塵(chen)粒在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)區通過，獲得正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，沉積在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)極(ji)上(shang)。

大多(duo)數塵粒在電(dian)暈(yun)外區通過(guo)，獲得負(fu)電(dian)荷，沉積在陽極板上(shang)，當塵埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。