石家莊濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻過低，塵粒難(nan)以保持在(zai)集(ji)塵電(dian)(dian)(dian)極上，致使其重返氣流。比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻過高，到達集(ji)塵電(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)塵粒電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷不易放出(chu)，在(zai)塵層之間形(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓梯度(du)會產生局部擊穿和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)現象。

這些情況都會造成除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降。工作原理/靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)用(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)其(qi)通(tong)過(guo)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)時,帶(dai)正/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的微粒分別被負/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)板吸附,即達到除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)目(mu)的.由于輻射摩擦等原因，空(kong)氣中含(han)有少量(liang)的自由離(li)子，單靠這些自由離(li)子是不可(ke)(ke)能使(shi)(shi)(shi)含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)空(kong)氣中的塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒充(chong)分荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的。因此，要利(li)用(yong)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)分離(li)須具備兩個基本條件，一(yi)(yi)是存(cun)在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二(er)是存(cun)在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒分離(li)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一(yi)(yi)般的靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分離(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合一(yi)(yi)的方(fang)法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的金屬棒(bang)接高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的負極(ji)(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)接地為(wei)正極(ji)(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)以采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)圓管，也可(ke)(ke)以采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)平(ping)板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到數值后，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)附近的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)獲得了較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)能量和(he)速度(du)，它們撞擊空氣中的(de)(de)中性原子(zi)(zi)時，中性原子(zi)(zi)會(hui)分解成正(zheng)、負離(li)子(zi)(zi)，這種(zhong)現(xian)象稱為空氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)。空氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后，由于聯鎖反應，在(zai)極(ji)間(jian)運(yun)動的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)數大(da)大(da)增加，表現(xian)為極(ji)間(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)急劇增加，空氣成了導體。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)的(de)(de)空氣全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后，在(zai)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)可以看見一(yi)圈淡藍色的(de)(de)光(guang)環，這個光(guang)環稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈范圍(wei)通常(chang)局(ju)限(xian)于金屬棒周(zhou)圍(wei)幾毫(hao)米(mi)處。

空氣(qi)在電暈(yun)范圍(wei)電離后(hou)，正離子很快向負(fu)極移動(dong)，只有(you)負(fu)離子才會進入電暈(yun)外區，向陽極移動(dong)。含塵(chen)空氣(qi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)電除塵(chen)器時(shi)，由于電暈(yun)區的范圍(wei)很小，只有(you)少量(liang)的塵(chen)粒(li)在電暈(yun)區通(tong)過(guo)(guo)，獲得正電荷(he)，沉(chen)積在電暈(yun)極上(shang)。

大多數(shu)塵粒(li)在(zai)電暈外區通過，獲得(de)負電荷(he)，沉(chen)積在陽極板上，當塵(chen)埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。