石河子濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)阻過低(di)，塵粒難(nan)以保(bao)持在集塵電(dian)極(ji)上(shang)，致使其重返氣流。比電(dian)阻過高，到(dao)達集塵電(dian)極(ji)的(de)塵粒電(dian)荷不易放(fang)出，在塵層之間形成(cheng)電(dian)壓梯度(du)會產(chan)生(sheng)局部擊穿和放(fang)電(dian)現象。

這些(xie)情(qing)況都會造成除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效率下降。工作(zuo)原理(li)/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器用(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場使(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在其通過除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時,帶(dai)正/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)微粒(li)分(fen)別被負/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板(ban)吸附,即達到除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de)(de).由于輻射摩擦等(deng)原因，空(kong)氣中含有(you)少量的(de)(de)(de)自由離子，單靠這些(xie)自由離子是(shi)(shi)不可(ke)(ke)能使(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)空(kong)氣中的(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)粒(li)充分(fen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)。因此，要(yao)利用(yong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)分(fen)離須具備兩個基本條(tiao)件，一是(shi)(shi)存在使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場；二是(shi)(shi)存在使(shi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)分(fen)離的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場。一般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器采用(yong)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場和分(fen)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場合一的(de)(de)(de)方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)金屬棒接(jie)高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)負極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)接(jie)地為(wei)正極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)可(ke)(ke)以采用(yong)圓管，也可(ke)(ke)以采用(yong)平板(ban)。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到數值(zhi)后(hou)，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)附(fu)近(jin)的(de)離子(zi)獲得了較高的(de)能量(liang)和速度，它們(men)撞擊空氣(qi)(qi)中的(de)中性(xing)(xing)原子(zi)時，中性(xing)(xing)原子(zi)會(hui)分解(jie)成正、負離子(zi)，這種現象稱為(wei)空氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離。空氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離后(hou)，由于聯鎖反應，在極(ji)(ji)間(jian)運動(dong)的(de)離子(zi)數大大增(zeng)加，表現為(wei)極(ji)(ji)間(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)急(ji)劇增(zeng)加，空氣(qi)(qi)成了導體(ti)。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)周圍的(de)空氣(qi)(qi)全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)離后(hou)，在放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)周圍可以看(kan)見一(yi)圈淡藍色的(de)光(guang)環，這個光(guang)環稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈范(fan)圍通常(chang)局限于金屬棒周圍幾毫(hao)米(mi)處(chu)。

空(kong)氣在電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)范(fan)圍電(dian)(dian)離后，正(zheng)離子很(hen)快向負(fu)極(ji)移動，只(zhi)有負(fu)離子才會(hui)進入(ru)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)外(wai)區(qu)，向陽(yang)極(ji)移動。含塵(chen)空(kong)氣通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)器時，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)區(qu)的范(fan)圍很(hen)小(xiao)，只(zhi)有少量的塵(chen)粒在電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)區(qu)通(tong)過(guo)，獲(huo)得正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)荷，沉積在電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)極(ji)上。

大多數塵粒在電暈(yun)外(wai)區通過，獲得負電荷(he)，沉積在陽極板(ban)上，當塵(chen)埃(ai)聚(ju)集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。