沈陽濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比(bi)電(dian)阻過(guo)低(di)，塵(chen)粒難以保持(chi)在集塵(chen)電(dian)極(ji)上，致使其(qi)重返(fan)氣流。比(bi)電(dian)阻過(guo)高，到達集塵(chen)電(dian)極(ji)的(de)塵(chen)粒電(dian)荷不易(yi)放出，在塵(chen)層之間形(xing)成電(dian)壓梯度會產生局部擊穿和放電(dian)現(xian)象(xiang)。

這(zhe)些(xie)情況(kuang)都會造成除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降。工作(zuo)原理(li)/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器用強電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使(shi)(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒(li)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian),在其通過除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)時(shi),帶(dai)正(zheng)/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)微粒(li)分別被負/正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)板吸附,即達(da)到除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de).由(you)于輻(fu)射摩擦等原因，空氣中(zhong)含有少量(liang)的(de)自(zi)由(you)離(li)子，單靠這(zhe)些(xie)自(zi)由(you)離(li)子是(shi)不(bu)可(ke)能使(shi)(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣中(zhong)的(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)充分荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)。因此，要利用靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)分離(li)須具備兩個基本條(tiao)件(jian)，一是(shi)存在使(shi)(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是(shi)存在使(shi)(shi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒(li)分離(li)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一般的(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器采(cai)用荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分離(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合(he)一的(de)方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)金(jin)屬棒接高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)負極(ji)(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)接地為(wei)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用圓(yuan)管(guan)，也可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用平(ping)板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電(dian)壓升(sheng)高到數值后(hou)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)附近的離子(zi)(zi)獲得了較高(gao)的能(neng)量(liang)和速度，它們(men)撞擊空(kong)(kong)氣中(zhong)的中(zhong)性原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)時，中(zhong)性原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)會分解成正、負(fu)離子(zi)(zi)，這種現(xian)象稱(cheng)為(wei)空(kong)(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)離。空(kong)(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)離后(hou)，由于(yu)(yu)聯鎖反應，在(zai)極(ji)間運動的離子(zi)(zi)數大(da)大(da)增加，表現(xian)為(wei)極(ji)間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流急劇增加，空(kong)(kong)氣成了導體(ti)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)的空(kong)(kong)氣全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)離后(hou)，在(zai)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)可(ke)以看見(jian)一(yi)圈(quan)淡(dan)藍色的光環，這個(ge)光環稱(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈范圍(wei)通常局(ju)限于(yu)(yu)金屬棒周圍(wei)幾毫(hao)米處(chu)。

空氣在電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈范圍(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離后，正離子很(hen)快向(xiang)負極移(yi)動，只有負離子才會進(jin)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈外區(qu)，向(xiang)陽極移(yi)動。含塵(chen)空氣通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)器時，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈區(qu)的(de)范圍(wei)很(hen)小，只有少(shao)量的(de)塵(chen)粒在電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈區(qu)通過，獲得正電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，沉積(ji)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈極上(shang)。

大多數塵粒在電(dian)暈外區通過，獲(huo)得負電(dian)荷，沉積在(zai)陽極板上，當(dang)塵(chen)埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。