山西濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)阻過(guo)低，塵粒(li)難以保持在集(ji)塵電(dian)極(ji)上，致使其重返氣流。比電(dian)阻過(guo)高，到(dao)達集(ji)塵電(dian)極(ji)的(de)塵粒(li)電(dian)荷不易放(fang)出，在塵層之(zhi)間形成電(dian)壓梯度會(hui)產(chan)生局(ju)部擊(ji)穿(chuan)和放(fang)電(dian)現象。

這些情況都會造成除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率下降。工作原理/靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)用(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)場使(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)其通過除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)時,帶(dai)正(zheng)/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)(de)微粒分(fen)(fen)(fen)別被負/正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板吸附(fu),即達到除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de)(de).由于輻射摩擦等原因(yin)，空氣(qi)中(zhong)含有少量的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)由離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)，單靠這些自(zi)由離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)是(shi)(shi)不可(ke)能使(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒充分(fen)(fen)(fen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此，要利(li)用(yong)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)(li)須具(ju)備(bei)兩(liang)個基本條(tiao)件(jian)，一是(shi)(shi)存在(zai)使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場；二(er)是(shi)(shi)存在(zai)使(shi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場。一般的(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)采(cai)用(yong)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場和分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場合一的(de)(de)(de)方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)金屬棒接高(gao)壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)負極(ji)(ji)(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)接地為正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)采(cai)用(yong)圓管，也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)采(cai)用(yong)平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電(dian)壓(ya)升高(gao)到數(shu)值后，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)附近的(de)(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)獲得(de)了較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量和速度，它們撞擊(ji)空氣(qi)(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)中性原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)時，中性原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)會分解(jie)成正、負離(li)子(zi)(zi)，這種現象稱(cheng)為空氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)。空氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后，由于(yu)聯鎖反應，在極(ji)間運動的(de)(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)數(shu)大大增(zeng)加(jia)，表現為極(ji)間的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流急劇增(zeng)加(jia)，空氣(qi)(qi)成了導體(ti)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后，在放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)可以看見一圈淡藍(lan)色的(de)(de)(de)光環，這個光環稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)范圍(wei)通常局限于(yu)金屬棒周圍(wei)幾毫米處(chu)。

空氣(qi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)范(fan)圍(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離后(hou)，正離子(zi)(zi)很(hen)快(kuai)向負極(ji)移動，只有負離子(zi)(zi)才(cai)會進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)外區，向陽(yang)極(ji)移動。含塵空氣(qi)通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器(qi)時，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)區的范(fan)圍(wei)很(hen)小，只有少量的塵粒在電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)區通過，獲得正電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，沉積在電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)極(ji)上。

大(da)多數塵粒在(zai)電(dian)暈(yun)外區通(tong)過，獲得負電(dian)荷，沉積在陽極板(ban)上，當(dang)塵埃聚集到(dao)程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。