紹興濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)低，塵(chen)(chen)粒難以(yi)保持在集塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)極上，致使其重(zhong)返氣流。比電(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)高，到達集塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)極的(de)塵(chen)(chen)粒電(dian)(dian)荷不易(yi)放出(chu)，在塵(chen)(chen)層之(zhi)間(jian)形成電(dian)(dian)壓梯度會產生局部擊穿和放電(dian)(dian)現象(xiang)。

這(zhe)些情(qing)況(kuang)都會(hui)造成除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降。工(gong)作原(yuan)理/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)使灰(hui)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)其通過(guo)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時(shi),帶正/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)微粒分別被負/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板吸(xi)附(fu),即達到除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de).由于輻射摩擦等原(yuan)因，空(kong)氣(qi)中含(han)(han)有少(shao)量(liang)的(de)自(zi)由離子，單靠(kao)這(zhe)些自(zi)由離子是(shi)不可能使含(han)(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)空(kong)氣(qi)中的(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒充分荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)。因此，要利用(yong)(yong)(yong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)分離須具備(bei)兩個(ge)基本條件(jian)，一是(shi)存在(zai)使粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)；二是(shi)存在(zai)使荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒分離的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。一般(ban)的(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)和分離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)合一的(de)方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)金屬棒接高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)負極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)接地為正極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)可以采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)圓管，也(ye)可以采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到數值(zhi)后(hou)，放電(dian)(dian)極附近的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)獲得了(le)較高的(de)(de)能量和速度，它們撞(zhuang)擊空氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)中(zhong)性原(yuan)子(zi)時(shi)，中(zhong)性原(yuan)子(zi)會(hui)分(fen)解(jie)成正(zheng)、負離(li)子(zi)，這(zhe)種現(xian)象(xiang)稱(cheng)為(wei)空氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)離(li)。空氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)，由于聯鎖反應，在極間運動的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)數大大增(zeng)加(jia)，表現(xian)為(wei)極間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流急劇增(zeng)加(jia)，空氣(qi)成了(le)導體。放電(dian)(dian)極周(zhou)圍的(de)(de)空氣(qi)全部(bu)電(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)，在放電(dian)(dian)極周(zhou)圍可(ke)以看見一圈淡(dan)藍色的(de)(de)光(guang)環(huan)，這(zhe)個光(guang)環(huan)稱(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)暈范圍通常局限(xian)于金屬棒周(zhou)圍幾(ji)毫米處。

空(kong)氣在電(dian)暈(yun)(yun)范(fan)(fan)圍電(dian)離后(hou)，正離子很快向負(fu)極(ji)移(yi)動(dong)，只有(you)負(fu)離子才會(hui)進入電(dian)暈(yun)(yun)外區(qu)，向陽極(ji)移(yi)動(dong)。含塵空(kong)氣通過電(dian)除塵器(qi)時，由于電(dian)暈(yun)(yun)區(qu)的(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)圍很小，只有(you)少量的(de)(de)塵粒在電(dian)暈(yun)(yun)區(qu)通過，獲得正電(dian)荷(he)，沉積在電(dian)暈(yun)(yun)極(ji)上(shang)。

大多數(shu)塵粒(li)在電(dian)暈外區(qu)通(tong)過(guo)，獲得負電(dian)荷，沉積在陽極板(ban)上(shang)，當塵埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。