日喀則濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻過低，塵(chen)(chen)粒難以保持在集塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極上(shang)，致(zhi)使其重返氣流。比電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻過高，到達集塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極的塵(chen)(chen)粒電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷不易放(fang)出，在塵(chen)(chen)層(ceng)之間形成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)梯度(du)會產生局部擊穿(chuan)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)現象。

這些(xie)情(qing)況都會造成除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降。工作原理/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器用(yong)(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒(li)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)(zai)(zai)其通過(guo)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時,帶正(zheng)/負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)微粒(li)分(fen)(fen)別被負(fu)/正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板吸附,即達(da)到除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de).由于輻射摩(mo)擦等原因，空(kong)氣(qi)中含有(you)少量的(de)自由離(li)(li)(li)(li)子，單靠這些(xie)自由離(li)(li)(li)(li)子是(shi)不可能使(shi)(shi)(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)空(kong)氣(qi)中的(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)充分(fen)(fen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)。因此，要(yao)利(li)用(yong)(yong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)分(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)(li)(li)須(xu)具備兩個(ge)基(ji)本(ben)條件，一是(shi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)；二是(shi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒(li)分(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)。一般(ban)的(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器采(cai)用(yong)(yong)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)和分(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)合一的(de)方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)金屬棒接(jie)(jie)高壓(ya)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)負(fu)極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)接(jie)(jie)地為(wei)正(zheng)極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)可以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)圓管，也(ye)可以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到數(shu)值后(hou)，放(fang)電極(ji)(ji)附近的離(li)(li)子(zi)獲(huo)得(de)了較高的能(neng)量和速度，它們撞擊空(kong)氣(qi)中的中性原子(zi)時，中性原子(zi)會分(fen)解成正、負離(li)(li)子(zi)，這種現(xian)象稱為空(kong)氣(qi)電離(li)(li)。空(kong)氣(qi)電離(li)(li)后(hou)，由于聯鎖反應，在極(ji)(ji)間運動的離(li)(li)子(zi)數(shu)大大增(zeng)加，表現(xian)為極(ji)(ji)間的電流急劇增(zeng)加，空(kong)氣(qi)成了導體。放(fang)電極(ji)(ji)周圍的空(kong)氣(qi)全部電離(li)(li)后(hou)，在放(fang)電極(ji)(ji)周圍可(ke)以看見一圈淡藍色的光(guang)環(huan)，這個(ge)光(guang)環(huan)稱為電暈。電除塵器的電暈范圍通常局限于金屬(shu)棒周圍幾毫米處(chu)。

空氣(qi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)范圍電(dian)(dian)離(li)后，正離(li)子(zi)(zi)很快向(xiang)負極移動，只(zhi)有負離(li)子(zi)(zi)才會進入(ru)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)外區，向(xiang)陽(yang)極移動。含(han)塵(chen)(chen)空氣(qi)通過電(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器時，由于電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區的(de)范圍很小，只(zhi)有少量(liang)的(de)塵(chen)(chen)粒在(zai)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區通過，獲得正電(dian)(dian)荷，沉積在(zai)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)極上(shang)。

大多數(shu)塵粒(li)在電暈外區通過(guo)，獲(huo)得(de)負(fu)電荷，沉(chen)積(ji)在陽(yang)極板上(shang)，當(dang)塵(chen)埃(ai)聚集到(dao)程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。