慶陽濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻過低(di)，塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒難以(yi)保(bao)持在集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極上，致使其重返氣流(liu)。比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻過高，到達集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷不(bu)易放出，在塵(chen)(chen)(chen)層之(zhi)間形成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓梯度(du)會產生局(ju)部擊穿和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)現象。

這些(xie)(xie)情況都會造成除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率下降。工作原理(li)/靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器用強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場使(shi)(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒(li)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在其通過(guo)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)時(shi),帶正/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)微粒(li)分(fen)別被負/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)吸(xi)附(fu),即達到除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de)(de).由于輻射摩擦(ca)等(deng)原因，空氣中含有少量的(de)(de)(de)自由離(li)(li)子，單靠(kao)這些(xie)(xie)自由離(li)(li)子是(shi)不(bu)可能(neng)使(shi)(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣中的(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)充分(fen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)。因此，要利用靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)分(fen)離(li)(li)須具(ju)備兩(liang)個基本條件(jian)，一是(shi)存(cun)在使(shi)(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場；二是(shi)存(cun)在使(shi)(shi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒(li)分(fen)離(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場。一般的(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器采用荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場和分(fen)離(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場合一的(de)(de)(de)方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)金屬棒接高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)負極(ji)(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)接地(di)為正極(ji)(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)可以采用圓(yuan)管，也可以采用平板(ban)。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到數值后(hou)，放電(dian)(dian)極附近的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)獲(huo)得了較高(gao)的(de)(de)能量和(he)速度(du)，它們撞擊空(kong)氣(qi)中的(de)(de)中性(xing)原子(zi)(zi)時，中性(xing)原子(zi)(zi)會分解成正、負離(li)子(zi)(zi)，這(zhe)種現象稱(cheng)為空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)離(li)。空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)，由于聯鎖(suo)反(fan)應，在極間(jian)運動的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)數大(da)大(da)增加，表現為極間(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流急劇(ju)增加，空(kong)氣(qi)成了導體(ti)。放電(dian)(dian)極周圍(wei)的(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)全(quan)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)，在放電(dian)(dian)極周圍(wei)可以(yi)看見一圈淡藍色(se)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)環(huan)(huan)，這(zhe)個光(guang)(guang)環(huan)(huan)稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)暈范圍(wei)通常局限于金屬棒(bang)周圍(wei)幾毫米處。

空(kong)氣(qi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)范(fan)圍電(dian)(dian)離(li)后，正離(li)子很(hen)快向(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)極(ji)移(yi)動，只(zhi)有負(fu)離(li)子才會進(jin)入電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)外區，向(xiang)(xiang)陽(yang)極(ji)移(yi)動。含塵空(kong)氣(qi)通過電(dian)(dian)除塵器時，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區的(de)范(fan)圍很(hen)小，只(zhi)有少量的(de)塵粒在(zai)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區通過，獲得正電(dian)(dian)荷，沉(chen)積(ji)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)上。

大多數塵粒在電暈外(wai)區通過，獲(huo)得負電荷，沉積(ji)在陽極板上，當塵埃聚集(ji)到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。