青島濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比(bi)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過低，塵(chen)(chen)粒難以保持在(zai)集塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)極上，致(zhi)使(shi)其重返氣(qi)流。比(bi)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過高，到達集塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)極的塵(chen)(chen)粒電(dian)(dian)荷不易放出(chu)，在(zai)塵(chen)(chen)層之間形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)梯度會產(chan)生(sheng)局(ju)部擊穿(chuan)和放電(dian)(dian)現象。

這(zhe)些(xie)情況都會造成除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降(jiang)。工作原理(li)/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)用強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)使(shi)(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在其通過除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時,帶(dai)正/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)微(wei)粒分別(bie)被負/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板(ban)吸附(fu),即達到除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de).由于輻(fu)射摩擦等原因，空氣(qi)(qi)中含有少量的(de)自(zi)由離子(zi)，單靠這(zhe)些(xie)自(zi)由離子(zi)是不可能使(shi)(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣(qi)(qi)中的(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒充分荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)。因此(ci)，要利用靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)分離須具(ju)備兩個(ge)基(ji)本(ben)條件，一(yi)是存在使(shi)(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)；二是存在使(shi)(shi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒分離的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)。一(yi)般的(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)采用荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)和分離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)合(he)一(yi)的(de)方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)金屬棒接高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)負極(ji)，集(ji)(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)接地(di)為正極(ji)，集(ji)(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)可以采用圓管，也可以采用平板(ban)。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高(gao)到數(shu)值后，放電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)附近的(de)離(li)(li)子(zi)獲得了較高的(de)能量(liang)和速度，它們(men)撞(zhuang)擊空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)性原子(zi)時(shi)，中(zhong)(zhong)性原子(zi)會分解(jie)成正、負(fu)離(li)(li)子(zi)，這種現象稱(cheng)為空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)離(li)(li)。空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)離(li)(li)后，由于聯鎖反應(ying)，在極(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)(jian)運動的(de)離(li)(li)子(zi)數(shu)大(da)大(da)增加，表現為極(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)(jian)的(de)電(dian)流急劇(ju)增加，空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)成了導體。放電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)周圍(wei)的(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)全部電(dian)離(li)(li)后，在放電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)周圍(wei)可以看見一圈淡藍色的(de)光(guang)(guang)環，這個光(guang)(guang)環稱(cheng)為電(dian)暈。電(dian)除(chu)塵器的(de)電(dian)暈范圍(wei)通常局限于金屬棒(bang)周圍(wei)幾毫米處。

空氣在電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈范(fan)圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后，正(zheng)離(li)(li)子很(hen)快(kuai)向負極移動(dong)，只有負離(li)(li)子才會進入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈外區，向陽(yang)極移動(dong)。含塵(chen)空氣通(tong)(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器時(shi)，由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈區的范(fan)圍很(hen)小，只有少量的塵(chen)粒在電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈區通(tong)(tong)過(guo)，獲(huo)得正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，沉積在電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈極上。

大多數塵粒(li)在電(dian)暈外區通過，獲(huo)得負電(dian)荷，沉積在陽極板(ban)上，當塵埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。