平涼濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過(guo)低(di)，塵粒(li)難以(yi)保持(chi)在集塵電(dian)(dian)極上，致使其重返氣流。比電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過(guo)高(gao)，到達集塵電(dian)(dian)極的塵粒(li)電(dian)(dian)荷不(bu)易放出，在塵層之間(jian)形成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓梯(ti)度會產生(sheng)局部(bu)擊穿和放電(dian)(dian)現象。

這些(xie)情(qing)況(kuang)都會造成除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下(xia)降。工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)理/靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)用(yong)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使灰(hui)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在其通過除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時,帶正(zheng)/負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)微(wei)粒分(fen)別被負(fu)(fu)/正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板吸附,即(ji)達到(dao)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de)(de).由(you)于輻射摩擦(ca)等原(yuan)因，空(kong)氣中(zhong)(zhong)含有少量的(de)(de)(de)自由(you)離(li)(li)子(zi)，單靠(kao)這些(xie)自由(you)離(li)(li)子(zi)是(shi)不(bu)可能使含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)空(kong)氣中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒充分(fen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)。因此，要利用(yong)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)分(fen)離(li)(li)須具備兩(liang)個(ge)基本條(tiao)件，一(yi)是(shi)存在使粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是(shi)存在使荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒分(fen)離(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)采用(yong)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分(fen)離(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)棒接(jie)高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)接(jie)地為正(zheng)極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)可以采用(yong)圓管，也可以采用(yong)平(ping)板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到(dao)數值后，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)附近(jin)的離子獲(huo)得了較高的能量和速度，它們撞擊(ji)空(kong)氣中的中性(xing)原(yuan)子時，中性(xing)原(yuan)子會分(fen)解成正、負離子，這(zhe)(zhe)種現(xian)象稱為(wei)空(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)離。空(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)離后，由于聯鎖(suo)反應，在極(ji)間運動的離子數大大增加，表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)極(ji)間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流急劇增加，空(kong)氣成了導(dao)體。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)的空(kong)氣全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)離后，在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)可(ke)以看見一圈淡藍(lan)色的光(guang)環，這(zhe)(zhe)個光(guang)環稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈范圍(wei)通(tong)常局限于金屬棒周(zhou)圍(wei)幾毫(hao)米處。

空氣(qi)在電(dian)暈范圍電(dian)離(li)(li)后，正離(li)(li)子(zi)很(hen)快向(xiang)(xiang)負極(ji)移動，只有負離(li)(li)子(zi)才會進入電(dian)暈外區，向(xiang)(xiang)陽極(ji)移動。含塵(chen)空氣(qi)通過(guo)電(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)時，由于電(dian)暈區的(de)范圍很(hen)小(xiao)，只有少量的(de)塵(chen)粒在電(dian)暈區通過(guo)，獲得正電(dian)荷，沉積在電(dian)暈極(ji)上。

大多數塵粒在電暈外區通過，獲得負電荷，沉(chen)積在陽極板上，當塵埃聚集到(dao)程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。