平頂山濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過低，塵(chen)粒難以保持在(zai)集塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)上(shang)，致使其重(zhong)返氣流。比電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過高，到達集塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的塵(chen)粒電(dian)(dian)荷不(bu)易放(fang)出，在(zai)塵(chen)層之(zhi)間(jian)形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)壓梯(ti)度會產生局部擊穿和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)現象。

這(zhe)些(xie)情況都會造成除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降。工(gong)作原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)用(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)其通(tong)過除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時,帶正(zheng)/負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的微粒分(fen)(fen)別被負(fu)/正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板吸附,即達到除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)目的.由于輻射摩擦等原(yuan)(yuan)因，空氣中(zhong)含有少量的自(zi)(zi)由離(li)子(zi)，單(dan)靠這(zhe)些(xie)自(zi)(zi)由離(li)子(zi)是不可(ke)能使(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣中(zhong)的塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒充分(fen)(fen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的。因此，要利用(yong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)分(fen)(fen)離(li)須具備兩個(ge)基本條(tiao)件(jian)，一(yi)是存(cun)在(zai)使(shi)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是存(cun)在(zai)使(shi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒分(fen)(fen)離(li)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一(yi)般的靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)采(cai)用(yong)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分(fen)(fen)離(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合(he)一(yi)的方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的金屬棒接高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的負(fu)極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)接地為正(zheng)極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)可(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)圓管(guan)，也(ye)可(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)平(ping)板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到數值后，放電(dian)極附近的(de)(de)離子獲得了較高的(de)(de)能量和速度，它們撞擊空氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)中(zhong)性原(yuan)子時，中(zhong)性原(yuan)子會分解(jie)成正、負(fu)離子，這(zhe)種現(xian)象(xiang)稱為空氣(qi)電(dian)離。空氣(qi)電(dian)離后，由于聯(lian)鎖反應，在(zai)極間運動(dong)的(de)(de)離子數大大增加，表現(xian)為極間的(de)(de)電(dian)流急劇增加，空氣(qi)成了導(dao)體。放電(dian)極周(zhou)圍(wei)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)全部(bu)電(dian)離后，在(zai)放電(dian)極周(zhou)圍(wei)可以看(kan)見(jian)一圈淡(dan)藍色的(de)(de)光(guang)環，這(zhe)個光(guang)環稱為電(dian)暈。電(dian)除塵器的(de)(de)電(dian)暈范圍(wei)通常局限于金屬棒(bang)周(zhou)圍(wei)幾毫米處(chu)。

空(kong)氣(qi)在電(dian)暈(yun)范圍電(dian)離(li)后，正離(li)子很快向(xiang)負極(ji)(ji)移(yi)動，只有負離(li)子才會進(jin)入電(dian)暈(yun)外(wai)區(qu)，向(xiang)陽極(ji)(ji)移(yi)動。含(han)塵空(kong)氣(qi)通過電(dian)除塵器時，由于電(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)的(de)范圍很小，只有少量的(de)塵粒在電(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)通過，獲(huo)得正電(dian)荷，沉積(ji)在電(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)(ji)上。

大(da)多數塵粒(li)在電暈外區通過(guo)，獲得負電荷(he)，沉積在(zai)陽極板上(shang)，當塵埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。