山東魯騰環境技術有限公司
電(dian) 話:0536-4729188
手 機:18606369888
郵(you) 箱:437656133@QQ.com
18606369888@163.com
網 址:goyd.cn
地 址(zhi):山東省安丘市(shi)東外環恒日水泥廠北鄰(lin)
電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離,氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成,叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成,叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標,它對除塵效率有直接的影響。
比電(dian)阻(zu)過低,塵粒難以保持在集(ji)塵電(dian)極(ji)上(shang),致使(shi)其重返氣(qi)流。比電(dian)阻(zu)過高,到達集(ji)塵電(dian)極(ji)的(de)塵粒電(dian)荷(he)不易放(fang)出,在塵層之間形成電(dian)壓梯(ti)度會(hui)產(chan)生局部擊穿和(he)放(fang)電(dian)現象。
這(zhe)(zhe)些情況都會造(zao)成除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)下(xia)降。工作原理(li)/靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器用(yong)(yong)(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在其通過除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)時,帶(dai)正(zheng)/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)微(wei)粒分(fen)別(bie)被負/正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)吸附(fu),即達到除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de)(de).由于輻射摩擦等(deng)原因,空氣中(zhong)(zhong)含有(you)少量的(de)(de)(de)自由離(li)(li)(li)子(zi),單(dan)靠(kao)這(zhe)(zhe)些自由離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)是(shi)不可(ke)能(neng)使含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒充分(fen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)。因此,要利用(yong)(yong)(yong)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)須(xu)具備兩個基(ji)本條件(jian),一(yi)(yi)是(shi)存在使粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang);二是(shi)存在使荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器采用(yong)(yong)(yong)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)方法,放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)金屬棒接(jie)高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)負極(ji)(ji),集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)接(jie)地為正(zheng)極(ji)(ji),集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)可(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)(yong)圓(yuan)管,也可(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)(yong)平板(ban)。
接通電源后,在電場作用下,空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動,電壓愈高、電場強度愈高,離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動,極間形成了電流。開始時,空氣中的自由離子少,電流較少。
電壓升高到數(shu)值(zhi)后(hou),放(fang)電(dian)(dian)極附近的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)獲得了(le)較高的(de)(de)能(neng)量和速度,它們撞擊空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中的(de)(de)中性原子(zi)(zi)時,中性原子(zi)(zi)會分解成正、負離(li)子(zi)(zi),這種現(xian)象稱為空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)離(li)。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou),由(you)于(yu)聯鎖反應,在(zai)極間運(yun)動(dong)的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)數(shu)大大增加,表(biao)現(xian)為極間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流急劇增加,空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)成了(le)導(dao)體(ti)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)極周圍(wei)的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou),在(zai)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)極周圍(wei)可以看見(jian)一圈淡藍色的(de)(de)光環,這個(ge)光環稱為電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)。電(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)范圍(wei)通常(chang)局限于(yu)金屬棒周圍(wei)幾毫米(mi)處(chu)。
空(kong)氣(qi)在(zai)電(dian)暈(yun)范(fan)圍(wei)電(dian)離(li)(li)后,正離(li)(li)子很快(kuai)向(xiang)負極(ji)移動,只有負離(li)(li)子才會進(jin)入電(dian)暈(yun)外區,向(xiang)陽極(ji)移動。含塵(chen)空(kong)氣(qi)通過電(dian)除塵(chen)器(qi)時(shi),由于(yu)電(dian)暈(yun)區的范(fan)圍(wei)很小,只有少量(liang)的塵(chen)粒在(zai)電(dian)暈(yun)區通過,獲得正電(dian)荷,沉積在(zai)電(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)上。
大多(duo)數塵粒在(zai)電暈外區通過,獲得負電荷,沉積在陽極(ji)板上(shang),當塵埃聚集到程度,由于重力作用,掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比,耗能少,除塵效率高,適用于除去煙氣中0.01—50μm的粉塵,而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明,處理的煙氣量越大,使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。