內蒙古濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)(dian)阻過低(di)，塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒難以保持在(zai)集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)極上，致使其(qi)重返氣(qi)流(liu)。比電(dian)(dian)阻過高，到(dao)達(da)集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)極的塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒電(dian)(dian)荷(he)不(bu)易放出，在(zai)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)層(ceng)之間形成電(dian)(dian)壓梯度會產生(sheng)局部擊穿和放電(dian)(dian)現象。

這些情(qing)況都(dou)會(hui)造(zao)成除(chu)塵(chen)效率下降(jiang)。工(gong)作原理/靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)器用(yong)(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使灰塵(chen)顆粒帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在其通過除(chu)塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時,帶正(zheng)/負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)微粒分(fen)別被負(fu)/正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板吸附,即達到除(chu)塵(chen)目的(de)(de).由于輻射摩擦等原因，空氣(qi)中(zhong)含有少量的(de)(de)自由離子，單(dan)靠這些自由離子是(shi)不可能(neng)使含塵(chen)空氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)塵(chen)粒充分(fen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)。因此，要利用(yong)(yong)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)分(fen)離須(xu)具備兩(liang)個(ge)基本條件，一是(shi)存在使粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是(shi)存在使荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)顆粒分(fen)離的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一般的(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)器采用(yong)(yong)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分(fen)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合一的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)金屬棒(bang)接高(gao)壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)負(fu)極(ji)，集塵(chen)極(ji)接地為正(zheng)極(ji)，集塵(chen)極(ji)可以采用(yong)(yong)圓管，也可以采用(yong)(yong)平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升(sheng)高到(dao)數(shu)值后(hou)(hou)(hou)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)附(fu)近的(de)離(li)(li)子獲得了較(jiao)高的(de)能量和速(su)度，它們(men)撞擊(ji)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中的(de)中性(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)子時，中性(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)子會分解成正、負離(li)(li)子，這種現象稱(cheng)為(wei)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)。空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，由于(yu)聯鎖反應，在極(ji)間運動的(de)離(li)(li)子數(shu)大(da)大(da)增加(jia)，表現為(wei)極(ji)間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流急劇增加(jia)，空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)成了導(dao)體(ti)。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周(zhou)圍的(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周(zhou)圍可(ke)以(yi)看見(jian)一圈淡(dan)藍色的(de)光環，這個光環稱(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)范圍通常局限(xian)于(yu)金屬(shu)棒周(zhou)圍幾毫米處(chu)。

空氣在電(dian)暈范圍電(dian)離(li)后，正離(li)子很快向(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)移(yi)動(dong)，只有(you)負(fu)離(li)子才會進入電(dian)暈外區，向(xiang)(xiang)陽極(ji)(ji)移(yi)動(dong)。含塵空氣通(tong)過電(dian)除(chu)塵器時(shi)，由(you)于電(dian)暈區的范圍很小，只有(you)少量的塵粒在電(dian)暈區通(tong)過，獲(huo)得正電(dian)荷，沉積在電(dian)暈極(ji)(ji)上。

大多數塵粒在電(dian)(dian)暈外區通過，獲得負電(dian)(dian)荷，沉(chen)積在(zai)陽極板(ban)上，當塵埃聚集到(dao)程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。