呂梁濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電阻過(guo)低，塵粒難以保持在集塵電極上(shang)，致使(shi)其重返氣流。比電阻過(guo)高，到達集塵電極的(de)塵粒電荷不易放(fang)出，在塵層之(zhi)間形成電壓梯度會產生局部擊穿和放(fang)電現象。

這(zhe)些情況(kuang)都會造成除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下(xia)降。工作原(yuan)理/靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器用(yong)(yong)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)使灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在其通(tong)過除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時,帶正/負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)的(de)(de)微粒分(fen)別被負(fu)/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板吸附,即(ji)達到(dao)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de).由于輻射摩擦等原(yuan)因，空氣中含(han)有少量的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)由離(li)子，單靠這(zhe)些自(zi)(zi)由離(li)子是(shi)(shi)不可(ke)能使含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣中的(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒充分(fen)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)。因此(ci)，要利用(yong)(yong)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)分(fen)離(li)須具(ju)備(bei)兩個基(ji)本條件，一(yi)是(shi)(shi)存在使粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)；二是(shi)(shi)存在使荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒分(fen)離(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。一(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器采用(yong)(yong)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)分(fen)離(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)合(he)一(yi)的(de)(de)方法(fa)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)金屬棒接高壓(ya)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)負(fu)極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)接地為(wei)正極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)可(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)(yong)圓管，也可(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)(yong)平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到數值后，放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)附(fu)近的(de)(de)(de)(de)離(li)子獲得了(le)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量和速度，它們(men)撞擊空(kong)(kong)氣中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)原子時，中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)原子會分解成正、負離(li)子，這(zhe)種現(xian)象稱為(wei)(wei)空(kong)(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)離(li)。空(kong)(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)離(li)后，由(you)于聯鎖反應，在極(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)運(yun)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)離(li)子數大(da)大(da)增加(jia)，表現(xian)為(wei)(wei)極(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流急(ji)劇增加(jia)，空(kong)(kong)氣成了(le)導體(ti)。放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)周圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)氣全部電(dian)(dian)離(li)后，在放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)周圍(wei)可以看見一圈淡(dan)藍色的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)環，這(zhe)個光(guang)環稱為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)。電(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)范圍(wei)通常局限(xian)于金屬棒(bang)周圍(wei)幾毫米處。

空氣(qi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)范圍(wei)電(dian)(dian)離(li)后，正離(li)子(zi)很(hen)(hen)快向負(fu)極移(yi)動，只有負(fu)離(li)子(zi)才會(hui)進入電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)外區(qu)，向陽極移(yi)動。含塵空氣(qi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)除塵器時，由于電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)的范圍(wei)很(hen)(hen)小，只有少量(liang)的塵粒在(zai)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)，獲得正電(dian)(dian)荷，沉積在(zai)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)極上。

大多數塵粒在(zai)電(dian)暈外區通過，獲得負電(dian)荷，沉積(ji)在(zai)陽極板上，當(dang)塵埃聚集(ji)到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。