臨夏濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比(bi)電(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)低，塵(chen)(chen)粒(li)難以保(bao)持在集塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)上，致使其重返氣流。比(bi)電(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)高，到達集塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的塵(chen)(chen)粒(li)電(dian)(dian)荷不易放出，在塵(chen)(chen)層之間形成電(dian)(dian)壓梯度(du)會產生局部擊穿和放電(dian)(dian)現象。

這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)情(qing)況都會造(zao)成(cheng)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效率下降。工作原理/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)用(yong)(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場使(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)(zai)其通過除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)時,帶正/負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)微粒分(fen)別被負(fu)/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)吸附,即達(da)到(dao)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de)(de).由于輻射(she)摩擦(ca)等原因，空氣(qi)中(zhong)含有少量的(de)(de)(de)自由離子，單(dan)靠這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)自由離子是(shi)不可能使(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)空氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)粒充分(fen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)。因此，要利用(yong)(yong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)分(fen)離須具備兩(liang)個基本條件，一是(shi)存在(zai)(zai)使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場；二是(shi)存在(zai)(zai)使(shi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒分(fen)離的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場。一般的(de)(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)采用(yong)(yong)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場和分(fen)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場合一的(de)(de)(de)方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)金屬棒接(jie)高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)地為正極(ji)(ji)(ji)，集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)可以采用(yong)(yong)圓管，也可以采用(yong)(yong)平板(ban)。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到數(shu)值(zhi)后，放電(dian)(dian)極附(fu)近的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)獲得了較高的(de)(de)能量和速度，它們撞擊空(kong)氣中的(de)(de)中性(xing)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)時，中性(xing)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)會分(fen)解(jie)成(cheng)正(zheng)、負離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，這種(zhong)現(xian)象稱(cheng)為(wei)空(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)離(li)。空(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)離(li)后，由于(yu)(yu)聯鎖(suo)反應，在極間(jian)運動的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)數(shu)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)增(zeng)加(jia)，表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)極間(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流急劇增(zeng)加(jia)，空(kong)氣成(cheng)了導體。放電(dian)(dian)極周(zhou)圍(wei)的(de)(de)空(kong)氣全部電(dian)(dian)離(li)后，在放電(dian)(dian)極周(zhou)圍(wei)可以看見一(yi)圈淡藍(lan)色的(de)(de)光環(huan)，這個光環(huan)稱(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)暈范圍(wei)通常局限于(yu)(yu)金屬棒(bang)周(zhou)圍(wei)幾毫米(mi)處(chu)。

空氣(qi)在電(dian)暈范圍(wei)電(dian)離后，正離子很快向(xiang)負(fu)極移(yi)動(dong)，只有負(fu)離子才(cai)會(hui)進(jin)入電(dian)暈外區，向(xiang)陽極移(yi)動(dong)。含塵(chen)空氣(qi)通過電(dian)除塵(chen)器時(shi)，由于電(dian)暈區的范圍(wei)很小，只有少量的塵(chen)粒在電(dian)暈區通過，獲得正電(dian)荷，沉積在電(dian)暈極上(shang)。

大多數塵粒在電(dian)暈(yun)外區通(tong)過，獲(huo)得(de)負(fu)電(dian)荷(he)，沉積在(zai)陽極板上，當塵埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。