山東魯騰環境技術有限公司
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電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離,氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成,叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成,叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標,它對除塵效率有直接的影響。
比電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻過低(di),塵粒難(nan)以(yi)保持在集塵電(dian)(dian)(dian)極上,致使其重(zhong)返氣流(liu)。比電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻過高,到(dao)達集塵電(dian)(dian)(dian)極的塵粒電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)不易放出(chu),在塵層之間形成電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)梯度會產生局(ju)部擊穿和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)現象。
這(zhe)些(xie)情況都會造(zao)成除(chu)(chu)塵效率下降。工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)理/靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵器用(yong)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)場使(shi)(shi)灰塵顆(ke)粒(li)帶電(dian)(dian),在其(qi)通過除(chu)(chu)塵電(dian)(dian)極時(shi),帶正(zheng)/負(fu)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)的微粒(li)分別(bie)被負(fu)/正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)極板吸附,即達到(dao)除(chu)(chu)塵目的.由于輻射摩擦等原(yuan)因,空氣中(zhong)含有(you)少量的自由離子(zi),單靠這(zhe)些(xie)自由離子(zi)是不(bu)可能(neng)使(shi)(shi)含塵空氣中(zhong)的塵粒(li)充分荷(he)電(dian)(dian)的。因此,要利用(yong)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)使(shi)(shi)粉(fen)塵分離須具備兩個基本條件,一是存在使(shi)(shi)粉(fen)塵荷(he)電(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)場;二(er)是存在使(shi)(shi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵顆(ke)粒(li)分離的電(dian)(dian)場。一般的靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵器采用(yong)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)場和分離電(dian)(dian)場合(he)一的方法,放電(dian)(dian)極的金屬棒(bang)接(jie)(jie)高壓直流電(dian)(dian)源的負(fu)極,集(ji)塵極接(jie)(jie)地為正(zheng)極,集(ji)塵極可以采用(yong)圓管,也(ye)可以采用(yong)平板。
接通電源后,在電場作用下,空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動,電壓愈高、電場強度愈高,離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動,極間形成了電流。開始時,空氣中的自由離子少,電流較少。
電壓升(sheng)高到數值后,放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)附(fu)近的(de)(de)離子獲(huo)得了較(jiao)高的(de)(de)能(neng)量和(he)速度,它們撞擊空氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)原子時,中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)原子會分(fen)解(jie)成正、負(fu)離子,這種現象稱為(wei)(wei)空氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離。空氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離后,由于(yu)聯鎖(suo)反(fan)應,在極(ji)間(jian)運動的(de)(de)離子數大(da)大(da)增(zeng)加(jia),表現為(wei)(wei)極(ji)間(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流急劇增(zeng)加(jia),空氣(qi)(qi)成了導體。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)全部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離后,在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)(wei)可以看見一(yi)圈(quan)淡藍色的(de)(de)光(guang)環,這個光(guang)環稱為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)范圍(wei)(wei)通常局限于(yu)金(jin)屬棒周圍(wei)(wei)幾毫米處。
空氣(qi)(qi)在電(dian)暈(yun)范圍電(dian)離后(hou),正離子(zi)很快向負極(ji)移動,只有負離子(zi)才會進入(ru)電(dian)暈(yun)外區(qu)(qu)(qu),向陽極(ji)移動。含塵空氣(qi)(qi)通(tong)過電(dian)除塵器時,由于電(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的范圍很小,只有少量的塵粒在電(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)(qu)(qu)通(tong)過,獲得正電(dian)荷,沉積在電(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)上。
大(da)多數塵粒在電暈外區通過(guo),獲得負電荷,沉(chen)積在陽極(ji)板上(shang),當塵埃聚集到程度,由于重力作用,掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比,耗能少,除塵效率高,適用于除去煙氣中0.01—50μm的粉塵,而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明,處理的煙氣量越大,使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。