濟源濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比(bi)電(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)低，塵粒(li)難以保持在(zai)集塵電(dian)(dian)極(ji)上，致使其重(zhong)返氣(qi)流。比(bi)電(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)高，到達集塵電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的塵粒(li)電(dian)(dian)荷不易放出，在(zai)塵層之間形成電(dian)(dian)壓梯(ti)度(du)會產生局部擊穿和放電(dian)(dian)現象。

這(zhe)(zhe)些情(qing)況都(dou)會造成除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降(jiang)。工作原理/靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)用(yong)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒(li)(li)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)其通(tong)過(guo)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極時,帶(dai)正(zheng)/負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)微(wei)粒(li)(li)分別被負(fu)/正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極板吸附,即達(da)到除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de).由于輻射摩擦等原因，空氣(qi)中含有少量的(de)(de)自由離子，單靠這(zhe)(zhe)些自由離子是不(bu)可能使(shi)(shi)(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣(qi)中的(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)(li)充分荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)。因此，要利用(yong)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)分離須具備兩個基本條(tiao)件，一(yi)是存(cun)在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二(er)是存(cun)在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒(li)(li)分離的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一(yi)般的(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)采用(yong)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合一(yi)的(de)(de)方法，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)(de)金屬棒接高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)負(fu)極，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極接地為正(zheng)極，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極可以采用(yong)圓(yuan)管(guan)，也可以采用(yong)平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高(gao)到(dao)數(shu)值后，放電極(ji)(ji)附近的離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)獲得了(le)較(jiao)高(gao)的能量和(he)速度，它們撞擊空(kong)氣中的中性原子(zi)(zi)時，中性原子(zi)(zi)會(hui)分解成正、負離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)，這種現象稱(cheng)為(wei)空(kong)氣電離(li)(li)。空(kong)氣電離(li)(li)后，由于(yu)聯(lian)鎖反(fan)應(ying)，在(zai)極(ji)(ji)間運動(dong)的離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)數(shu)大(da)大(da)增加，表現為(wei)極(ji)(ji)間的電流急劇增加，空(kong)氣成了(le)導體。放電極(ji)(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)的空(kong)氣全(quan)部電離(li)(li)后，在(zai)放電極(ji)(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)可以看(kan)見一圈(quan)淡藍色的光環(huan)，這個光環(huan)稱(cheng)為(wei)電暈。電除塵器的電暈范圍(wei)通常(chang)局限(xian)于(yu)金屬棒周(zhou)圍(wei)幾毫米處。

空(kong)氣(qi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)范圍(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離后，正(zheng)離子(zi)很快向負極移動，只有負離子(zi)才會進(jin)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)外區，向陽極移動。含塵空(kong)氣(qi)通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵器時，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)區的范圍(wei)很小，只有少量的塵粒在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)區通過(guo)，獲得(de)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，沉積在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)極上(shang)。

大多(duo)數塵粒(li)在(zai)電暈(yun)外區通(tong)過，獲得負電荷，沉積在(zai)陽極(ji)板(ban)上，當塵埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。