九江濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電阻(zu)過(guo)低，塵粒難以保持在集(ji)塵電極上，致使其(qi)重返氣(qi)流。比電阻(zu)過(guo)高，到達(da)集(ji)塵電極的塵粒電荷不(bu)易放出(chu)，在塵層之間形成電壓梯度會產生(sheng)局部(bu)擊穿和放電現象。

這些情況都(dou)會造成(cheng)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效率(lv)下降(jiang)。工(gong)作原(yuan)理/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使(shi)灰(hui)塵(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)其通過除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極時(shi),帶(dai)正/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)微(wei)粒(li)分別被負/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極板吸附,即達到除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)目的(de).由于輻射摩擦等原(yuan)因，空氣中含(han)有少(shao)量(liang)的(de)自(zi)由離子(zi)，單靠這些自(zi)由離子(zi)是不可(ke)能使(shi)含(han)塵(chen)(chen)空氣中的(de)塵(chen)(chen)粒(li)充分荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)。因此(ci)，要(yao)利用(yong)(yong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)分離須具備兩個基(ji)本條件(jian)，一是存在(zai)使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是存在(zai)使(shi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)分離的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一般的(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)采用(yong)(yong)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合(he)一的(de)方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)金屬棒接(jie)高壓(ya)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)負極，集塵(chen)(chen)極接(jie)地為正極，集塵(chen)(chen)極可(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)圓管，也(ye)可(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到數值后(hou)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)附近的(de)(de)離(li)(li)子(zi)獲(huo)得了較高的(de)(de)能量和速度，它們撞擊(ji)空氣(qi)(qi)中的(de)(de)中性原子(zi)時，中性原子(zi)會分解成正、負離(li)(li)子(zi)，這種現(xian)象稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)空氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)。空氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后(hou)，由(you)于聯鎖(suo)反應，在極(ji)(ji)間運動的(de)(de)離(li)(li)子(zi)數大大增加(jia)(jia)，表現(xian)為(wei)(wei)極(ji)(ji)間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)急劇增加(jia)(jia)，空氣(qi)(qi)成了導(dao)體(ti)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)周圍的(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)全部電(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后(hou)，在放(fang)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)周圍可以(yi)看見一圈淡(dan)藍色的(de)(de)光(guang)環(huan)(huan)，這個光(guang)環(huan)(huan)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)暈范圍通常局限于金屬棒周圍幾毫米處。

空(kong)氣在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)范圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離后，正離子很快向負極移動，只有(you)負離子才會(hui)進(jin)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)外區(qu)，向陽極移動。含塵(chen)(chen)空(kong)氣通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器時，由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)的范圍很小，只有(you)少量的塵(chen)(chen)粒在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)通(tong)過，獲得(de)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，沉積在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)極上。

大多數(shu)塵粒在電暈外區(qu)通過，獲得負電荷，沉積在(zai)陽(yang)極板上(shang)，當塵埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。