江西濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比(bi)電(dian)(dian)阻過低(di)，塵(chen)粒(li)難以保持在(zai)(zai)集(ji)塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)極上，致使其重返氣流。比(bi)電(dian)(dian)阻過高，到達集(ji)塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)極的塵(chen)粒(li)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)不易放出，在(zai)(zai)塵(chen)層之(zhi)間(jian)形成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓梯度會(hui)產(chan)生局部擊穿和放電(dian)(dian)現(xian)象(xiang)。

這些情況都會造成除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降(jiang)。工(gong)作原(yuan)理(li)/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器用(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒(li)(li)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)其通過除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)時,帶正(zheng)/負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)的(de)微(wei)粒(li)(li)分別被負(fu)(fu)/正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板吸附(fu),即達到除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)目(mu)的(de).由(you)(you)(you)于輻射(she)摩(mo)擦等原(yuan)因，空氣(qi)中含(han)有(you)少量的(de)自(zi)由(you)(you)(you)離(li)子(zi)，單(dan)靠這些自(zi)由(you)(you)(you)離(li)子(zi)是不可(ke)能(neng)使(shi)含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣(qi)中的(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)(li)充(chong)分荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)。因此，要利用(yong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)分離(li)須具備兩個基(ji)本條件(jian)，一(yi)是存在(zai)使(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是存在(zai)使(shi)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒(li)(li)分離(li)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一(yi)般的(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器采(cai)用(yong)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分離(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合一(yi)的(de)方法，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)金屬棒(bang)接高壓直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)接地(di)為正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)圓管，也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)平(ping)板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升(sheng)高到數值后，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極附近的(de)(de)(de)離子(zi)獲得(de)了較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)能量和速度，它們(men)撞(zhuang)擊空(kong)(kong)氣中的(de)(de)(de)中性原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)時，中性原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)會分解(jie)成正、負(fu)離子(zi)，這種現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)稱(cheng)為(wei)空(kong)(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)離。空(kong)(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)離后，由于聯(lian)鎖反應，在極間(jian)運動的(de)(de)(de)離子(zi)數大大增加，表現(xian)(xian)為(wei)極間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流急劇增加，空(kong)(kong)氣成了導體。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)氣全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)離后，在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)可(ke)以看見(jian)一(yi)圈淡藍色的(de)(de)(de)光環(huan)，這個光環(huan)稱(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)范圍(wei)(wei)通(tong)常局限于金(jin)屬棒周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)幾毫(hao)米處。

空(kong)氣在電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)范圍(wei)電(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后，正離(li)(li)子(zi)很快向(xiang)負極移(yi)動，只(zhi)有(you)(you)負離(li)(li)子(zi)才會(hui)進入電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)外區(qu)，向(xiang)陽(yang)極移(yi)動。含塵(chen)空(kong)氣通(tong)(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器時(shi)，由于電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)的(de)范圍(wei)很小，只(zhi)有(you)(you)少量的(de)塵(chen)粒在電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)，獲得正電(dian)(dian)荷(he)，沉(chen)積在電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)極上。

大多(duo)數塵(chen)粒在電暈外區通過，獲得負電荷，沉積在陽極板上，當塵埃聚集(ji)到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。