湖南濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)低，塵(chen)(chen)粒難以保持在集塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)上(shang)，致(zhi)使其重返(fan)氣(qi)流。比電(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)高(gao)，到達集塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的塵(chen)(chen)粒電(dian)(dian)荷不易放(fang)出，在塵(chen)(chen)層之間形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)壓梯度會產(chan)生局部擊穿和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)現(xian)象。

這些(xie)(xie)情況都會造成除塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率下降(jiang)。工作(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)理/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)用強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使灰塵(chen)(chen)顆粒帶電(dian)(dian)(dian),在其(qi)通過除塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極時,帶正(zheng)/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)的微(wei)粒分(fen)(fen)別被負/正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極板吸附,即達到(dao)除塵(chen)(chen)目的.由(you)于(yu)輻射摩擦(ca)等原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)，空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)含有少量的自由(you)離(li)子，單靠這些(xie)(xie)自由(you)離(li)子是(shi)不可(ke)(ke)能使含塵(chen)(chen)空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的塵(chen)(chen)粒充分(fen)(fen)荷(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的。因(yin)此，要(yao)利用靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)使粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)分(fen)(fen)離(li)須具(ju)備兩個(ge)基本條件，一是(shi)存(cun)(cun)在使粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)荷(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是(shi)存(cun)(cun)在使荷(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)顆粒分(fen)(fen)離(li)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一般的靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)采用荷(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分(fen)(fen)離(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合(he)一的方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極的金(jin)屬棒接高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的負極，集塵(chen)(chen)極接地為正(zheng)極，集塵(chen)(chen)極可(ke)(ke)以采用圓管，也可(ke)(ke)以采用平(ping)板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電(dian)壓升高到數值后，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極附近的離子(zi)(zi)獲得了(le)較高的能量和速(su)度，它們(men)撞(zhuang)擊空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的中(zhong)性原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)時，中(zhong)性原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)會分解成(cheng)正、負(fu)離子(zi)(zi)，這種現象(xiang)稱(cheng)為空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離。空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離后，由于聯鎖反應，在(zai)極間運(yun)動的離子(zi)(zi)數大(da)大(da)增(zeng)加(jia)，表現為極間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流急劇(ju)增(zeng)加(jia)，空(kong)氣(qi)成(cheng)了(le)導體。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極周圍(wei)的空(kong)氣(qi)全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離后，在(zai)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極周圍(wei)可以看(kan)見一(yi)圈淡藍(lan)色的光環，這個光環稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)范圍(wei)通(tong)常局限于金屬棒周圍(wei)幾(ji)毫米(mi)處(chu)。

空(kong)氣(qi)在電暈范(fan)圍電離后，正(zheng)(zheng)離子很(hen)快向負極(ji)移(yi)動，只(zhi)有(you)負離子才會進入電暈外(wai)區，向陽極(ji)移(yi)動。含塵(chen)空(kong)氣(qi)通(tong)過電除塵(chen)器時，由于電暈區的(de)范(fan)圍很(hen)小，只(zhi)有(you)少量的(de)塵(chen)粒在電暈區通(tong)過，獲得正(zheng)(zheng)電荷，沉積在電暈極(ji)上(shang)。

大(da)多(duo)數(shu)塵粒在電暈(yun)外區通過，獲得(de)負電荷，沉積在陽極板上，當塵埃(ai)聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。