葫蘆島濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過(guo)低，塵粒難(nan)以保持在集塵電(dian)(dian)(dian)極上(shang)，致使其重返氣流。比電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過(guo)高，到(dao)達集塵電(dian)(dian)(dian)極的塵粒電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷不(bu)易(yi)放(fang)出，在塵層之(zhi)間形成電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)梯度(du)會產生局部(bu)擊穿(chuan)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)現象。

這(zhe)些情況(kuang)都會造(zao)成除(chu)塵(chen)效率下降。工作原理/靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)器用強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場使(shi)(shi)灰塵(chen)顆(ke)粒帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)(zai)其通過除(chu)塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)時(shi),帶正/負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)微(wei)粒分別被負(fu)/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)板吸(xi)附(fu),即達(da)到除(chu)塵(chen)目的(de)(de).由于輻射摩擦等原因，空氣中(zhong)含有少量的(de)(de)自由離子，單靠這(zhe)些自由離子是(shi)(shi)(shi)不可(ke)能使(shi)(shi)含塵(chen)空氣中(zhong)的(de)(de)塵(chen)粒充(chong)分荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)。因此，要利(li)用靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)(shi)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)分離須具備兩個基(ji)本條件，一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)存在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)存在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)顆(ke)粒分離的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)器采(cai)用荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場和分離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場合(he)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)金屬(shu)棒(bang)接高壓(ya)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)，集(ji)(ji)塵(chen)極(ji)(ji)接地為正極(ji)(ji)，集(ji)(ji)塵(chen)極(ji)(ji)可(ke)以采(cai)用圓(yuan)管(guan)，也可(ke)以采(cai)用平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到數值(zhi)后，放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)附近(jin)的(de)離(li)(li)子(zi)獲得了(le)較高的(de)能量和速度(du)，它們撞擊空(kong)氣中(zhong)的(de)中(zhong)性原子(zi)時(shi)，中(zhong)性原子(zi)會分解成正、負離(li)(li)子(zi)，這種現(xian)(xian)象稱(cheng)為(wei)空(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)。空(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后，由于聯鎖反應，在極(ji)(ji)(ji)間運動(dong)的(de)離(li)(li)子(zi)數大大增(zeng)加，表現(xian)(xian)為(wei)極(ji)(ji)(ji)間的(de)電(dian)(dian)流急(ji)劇增(zeng)加，空(kong)氣成了(le)導(dao)體。放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)周圍(wei)(wei)的(de)空(kong)氣全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后，在放電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)周圍(wei)(wei)可以看見(jian)一圈淡藍色的(de)光環(huan)，這個光環(huan)稱(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)電(dian)(dian)暈范圍(wei)(wei)通常局限于金屬棒周圍(wei)(wei)幾毫米處。

空氣在電(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)范(fan)(fan)圍電(dian)離(li)后，正離(li)子很(hen)快向負(fu)極移動(dong)，只(zhi)有負(fu)離(li)子才會進入電(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)外區(qu)，向陽極移動(dong)。含塵空氣通過電(dian)除塵器(qi)時，由于電(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)區(qu)的(de)范(fan)(fan)圍很(hen)小，只(zhi)有少量(liang)的(de)塵粒在電(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)區(qu)通過，獲得正電(dian)荷，沉(chen)積在電(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)極上。

大多(duo)數塵粒在電暈(yun)外區(qu)通(tong)過，獲得(de)負電荷，沉積在陽極板上，當塵(chen)埃聚(ju)集到(dao)程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。