黃石濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比(bi)電(dian)阻(zu)過低(di)，塵粒難以保持在(zai)集塵電(dian)極(ji)上，致(zhi)使其重返氣流。比(bi)電(dian)阻(zu)過高，到達集塵電(dian)極(ji)的塵粒電(dian)荷不易放(fang)(fang)出，在(zai)塵層之間形(xing)成電(dian)壓梯度(du)會(hui)產生局(ju)部(bu)擊穿和放(fang)(fang)電(dian)現象。

這些(xie)情況(kuang)都會(hui)造(zao)成除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降(jiang)。工作(zuo)原理/靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器用(yong)(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)(ke)粒帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)其(qi)通過除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)時,帶正(zheng)(zheng)/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)的(de)微粒分(fen)(fen)別被(bei)負/正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)板吸附,即達到除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de).由于輻射摩擦等原因，空氣中含有少量的(de)自由離子，單靠這些(xie)自由離子是不可能使含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣中的(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒充(chong)分(fen)(fen)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)。因此，要利用(yong)(yong)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)分(fen)(fen)離須具備兩個(ge)基本條(tiao)件，一(yi)是存(cun)在(zai)使粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是存(cun)在(zai)使荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)(ke)粒分(fen)(fen)離的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一(yi)般的(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器采用(yong)(yong)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分(fen)(fen)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合(he)一(yi)的(de)方法(fa)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)棒接(jie)高壓(ya)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)負極(ji)(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)接(jie)地為(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)可以采用(yong)(yong)圓(yuan)管，也(ye)可以采用(yong)(yong)平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓(ya)升高到數(shu)值后，放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)附近(jin)的(de)離(li)(li)子獲得了較高的(de)能量和(he)速度，它們撞擊(ji)空氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)中(zhong)性(xing)原子時(shi)，中(zhong)性(xing)原子會分(fen)解(jie)成正、負離(li)(li)子，這(zhe)種現象稱為(wei)空氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)。空氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后，由于(yu)聯鎖反應(ying)，在(zai)(zai)極(ji)(ji)間運動的(de)離(li)(li)子數(shu)大大增(zeng)加(jia)，表現為(wei)極(ji)(ji)間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)急(ji)劇增(zeng)加(jia)，空氣(qi)(qi)成了導體。放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)的(de)空氣(qi)(qi)全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后，在(zai)(zai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)可以看見一圈淡(dan)藍(lan)色的(de)光環(huan)，這(zhe)個光環(huan)稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈范圍(wei)通常局限于(yu)金屬棒(bang)周(zhou)圍(wei)幾毫米處。

空氣在電(dian)暈(yun)范(fan)圍(wei)電(dian)離后(hou)，正離子很(hen)(hen)快向(xiang)負極移(yi)動(dong)，只(zhi)有負離子才會進入(ru)電(dian)暈(yun)外(wai)區(qu)(qu)，向(xiang)陽極移(yi)動(dong)。含(han)塵(chen)(chen)空氣通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器時，由(you)于電(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)(qu)的范(fan)圍(wei)很(hen)(hen)小(xiao)，只(zhi)有少(shao)量的塵(chen)(chen)粒在電(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)(qu)通(tong)過(guo)，獲得正電(dian)荷，沉積在電(dian)暈(yun)極上。

大多數塵粒在電暈外(wai)區(qu)通過(guo)，獲得負電荷，沉積(ji)在(zai)陽(yang)極板上，當(dang)塵埃(ai)聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。