海西濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)低，塵(chen)粒(li)難以(yi)保持(chi)在集(ji)塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)極上，致使其重返(fan)氣流(liu)。比電(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)高，到達(da)集(ji)塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)極的塵(chen)粒(li)電(dian)(dian)荷不易放出，在塵(chen)層之間形成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓梯度會產生局(ju)部擊穿(chuan)和放電(dian)(dian)現(xian)象。

這(zhe)(zhe)些情況(kuang)都會造(zao)成(cheng)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降。工(gong)作原理/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)用(yong)(yong)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使(shi)(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在其通過除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)時,帶(dai)正(zheng)/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)粒分別被負/正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)吸附,即達(da)到除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de).由(you)于輻射摩擦等原因，空氣中含有(you)少量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自由(you)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)，單(dan)靠這(zhe)(zhe)些自由(you)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)是不可(ke)能使(shi)(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣中的(de)(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒充分荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此，要利(li)用(yong)(yong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)分離(li)(li)(li)須具備兩個基(ji)本條件(jian)，一是存(cun)在使(shi)(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是存(cun)在使(shi)(shi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒分離(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一般的(de)(de)(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分離(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合一的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬棒接高壓直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)負極(ji)(ji)，集(ji)(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)接地為(wei)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)，集(ji)(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)可(ke)以采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)圓(yuan)管，也可(ke)以采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)平板(ban)。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升(sheng)高(gao)到數值后，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)極(ji)附近的(de)離(li)(li)子(zi)獲得了(le)較高的(de)能量和速(su)度，它(ta)們(men)撞擊空(kong)(kong)氣中(zhong)的(de)中(zhong)性原子(zi)時，中(zhong)性原子(zi)會(hui)分(fen)解成正(zheng)、負離(li)(li)子(zi)，這種現象稱(cheng)為(wei)空(kong)(kong)氣電(dian)離(li)(li)。空(kong)(kong)氣電(dian)離(li)(li)后，由于(yu)聯鎖反應，在極(ji)間(jian)運動的(de)離(li)(li)子(zi)數大大增加，表(biao)現為(wei)極(ji)間(jian)的(de)電(dian)流急劇增加，空(kong)(kong)氣成了(le)導體。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)極(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)空(kong)(kong)氣全部電(dian)離(li)(li)后，在放(fang)(fang)電(dian)極(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)可以看見一圈淡(dan)藍色的(de)光環，這個光環稱(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)暈。電(dian)除塵器的(de)電(dian)暈范圍(wei)(wei)(wei)通常局限于(yu)金屬(shu)棒周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)幾毫米處(chu)。

空(kong)氣(qi)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)暈(yun)范(fan)圍電(dian)離后，正(zheng)離子很快(kuai)向負極(ji)移(yi)動，只有負離子才會進入(ru)電(dian)暈(yun)外區(qu)，向陽(yang)極(ji)移(yi)動。含塵(chen)空(kong)氣(qi)通過電(dian)除塵(chen)器時，由于電(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)的范(fan)圍很小，只有少量的塵(chen)粒在(zai)(zai)電(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)通過，獲得(de)正(zheng)電(dian)荷，沉(chen)積(ji)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)上。

大多(duo)數(shu)塵粒在電(dian)暈外(wai)區通過(guo)，獲(huo)得負電(dian)荷，沉積在陽(yang)極板(ban)上，當(dang)塵埃聚(ju)集(ji)到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。