海東濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)阻(zu)過(guo)低，塵(chen)粒(li)難以保(bao)持在(zai)集(ji)塵(chen)電(dian)極(ji)上，致使其重(zhong)返氣流。比電(dian)阻(zu)過(guo)高，到達集(ji)塵(chen)電(dian)極(ji)的塵(chen)粒(li)電(dian)荷不易(yi)放(fang)(fang)出，在(zai)塵(chen)層之間形(xing)成電(dian)壓梯度(du)會產(chan)生(sheng)局(ju)部擊穿(chuan)和(he)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)現象。

這些情況都(dou)會造成除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率下降。工作原理/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器用強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)使(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)(li)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在其通過除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi),帶正(zheng)(zheng)/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)微粒(li)(li)分(fen)別被負/正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板吸附,即達到除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de).由(you)于輻(fu)射摩擦等原因(yin)，空氣中含(han)有少量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自由(you)離(li)(li)子，單靠這些自由(you)離(li)(li)子是(shi)不可能(neng)使(shi)含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣中的(de)(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)(li)充(chong)分(fen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此，要利用靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)分(fen)離(li)(li)須(xu)具備兩個(ge)基本條件，一是(shi)存在使(shi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)；二是(shi)存在使(shi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)(li)分(fen)離(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)。一般的(de)(de)(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器采(cai)(cai)用荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)和分(fen)離(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)合一的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬棒接高壓(ya)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)負極(ji)(ji)(ji)，集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)接地(di)為正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)可以采(cai)(cai)用圓管，也可以采(cai)(cai)用平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到數值后，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極附近的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)獲得了較高的(de)(de)能量和(he)速(su)度，它們撞(zhuang)擊空氣中的(de)(de)中性(xing)原子(zi)時，中性(xing)原子(zi)會(hui)分解成(cheng)正(zheng)、負離(li)子(zi)，這種現象稱(cheng)為(wei)空氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)。空氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后，由于聯鎖(suo)反應，在極間運動(dong)的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)數大(da)大(da)增加(jia)，表現為(wei)極間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流急劇增加(jia)，空氣成(cheng)了導體。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極周圍的(de)(de)空氣全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后，在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極周圍可以(yi)看見一(yi)圈淡藍(lan)色的(de)(de)光環，這個光環稱(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈范圍通常(chang)局限(xian)于金屬棒(bang)周圍幾毫(hao)米處(chu)。

空氣在(zai)電(dian)暈(yun)范圍電(dian)離(li)(li)后，正離(li)(li)子(zi)很(hen)快向負(fu)極移動(dong)，只(zhi)(zhi)有負(fu)離(li)(li)子(zi)才會進(jin)入(ru)電(dian)暈(yun)外(wai)區，向陽(yang)極移動(dong)。含塵(chen)(chen)空氣通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)時(shi)，由于電(dian)暈(yun)區的范圍很(hen)小，只(zhi)(zhi)有少量的塵(chen)(chen)粒在(zai)電(dian)暈(yun)區通(tong)過(guo)，獲(huo)得正電(dian)荷(he)，沉積(ji)在(zai)電(dian)暈(yun)極上。

大多數塵粒在電(dian)暈(yun)外區通過，獲得負電(dian)荷，沉(chen)積(ji)在陽極板上，當(dang)塵埃聚集到(dao)程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。