海北濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)阻(zu)過低，塵粒難(nan)以保持(chi)在集(ji)塵電(dian)極上(shang)，致使(shi)其(qi)重返氣流。比電(dian)阻(zu)過高，到達集(ji)塵電(dian)極的(de)塵粒電(dian)荷不(bu)易放出(chu)，在塵層之(zhi)間形成電(dian)壓(ya)梯(ti)度會產生局部(bu)擊穿和放電(dian)現象。

這些情(qing)況都會造成除(chu)塵效(xiao)率下降。工作原(yuan)理/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器(qi)用(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場使灰塵顆粒(li)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)其通過除(chu)塵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)時,帶(dai)正(zheng)/負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)的微粒(li)分別被負(fu)/正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)吸附,即達到(dao)除(chu)塵目的.由(you)于(yu)輻射摩擦等原(yuan)因，空氣(qi)中含(han)有少(shao)量的自由(you)離(li)子(zi)，單靠這些自由(you)離(li)子(zi)是不(bu)可能使含(han)塵空氣(qi)中的塵粒(li)充分荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的。因此，要利用(yong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使粉(fen)塵分離(li)須(xu)具備兩個基本條件(jian)，一是存在(zai)使粉(fen)塵荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場；二是存在(zai)使荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵顆粒(li)分離(li)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場。一般(ban)的靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器(qi)采用(yong)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場和分離(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場合一的方法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的金屬棒接高壓直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的負(fu)極(ji)(ji)，集塵極(ji)(ji)接地為正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)，集塵極(ji)(ji)可以采用(yong)圓管，也(ye)可以采用(yong)平板(ban)。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升(sheng)高到數(shu)值后(hou)(hou)，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)附(fu)近的(de)離(li)子獲得了(le)較高的(de)能量和速(su)度，它們撞擊空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)中(zhong)性原子時，中(zhong)性原子會分解(jie)成(cheng)正(zheng)、負離(li)子，這(zhe)種現象稱為空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)。空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)(hou)，由于聯鎖反應，在(zai)極(ji)間運(yun)動(dong)的(de)離(li)子數(shu)大大增(zeng)加，表(biao)現為極(ji)間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流急劇(ju)增(zeng)加，空(kong)氣(qi)成(cheng)了(le)導體(ti)。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周(zhou)圍的(de)空(kong)氣(qi)全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后(hou)(hou)，在(zai)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周(zhou)圍可以看見一(yi)圈淡藍色(se)的(de)光環(huan)，這(zhe)個光環(huan)稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈范圍通常(chang)局限于金(jin)屬棒周(zhou)圍幾毫(hao)米處。

空氣(qi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈范圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)離后，正離子很快向負極移(yi)動，只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)負離子才會進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈外區，向陽極移(yi)動。含塵(chen)空氣(qi)通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器時(shi)，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈區的范圍很小，只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)少量的塵(chen)粒在電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈區通(tong)過(guo)，獲得(de)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，沉積在電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈極上。

大多數塵(chen)粒在電暈外(wai)區通過，獲得(de)負電荷，沉積在(zai)陽(yang)極板上，當(dang)塵(chen)埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。