甘南濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比(bi)電(dian)阻過低，塵粒難以(yi)保(bao)持在(zai)集塵電(dian)極上，致使其重返(fan)氣流。比(bi)電(dian)阻過高(gao)，到達集塵電(dian)極的塵粒電(dian)荷不易放出，在(zai)塵層之間形成(cheng)電(dian)壓梯度會產生局部擊穿和放電(dian)現象(xiang)。

這些(xie)情(qing)況(kuang)都會造(zao)成(cheng)除塵(chen)(chen)效率下(xia)降(jiang)。工(gong)作原理/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)用(yong)(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在其通過(guo)除塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時,帶正/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)微粒(li)分(fen)別(bie)被負/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板(ban)吸附,即達到(dao)除塵(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de).由(you)于輻(fu)射摩擦等(deng)原因，空(kong)氣中含有少(shao)量的(de)(de)自由(you)離(li)(li)子(zi)，單靠(kao)這些(xie)自由(you)離(li)(li)子(zi)是不可能使(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)空(kong)氣中的(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)粒(li)充分(fen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)。因此，要利(li)用(yong)(yong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)分(fen)離(li)(li)須具備(bei)兩個基本條件，一(yi)是存在使(shi)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是存在使(shi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)分(fen)離(li)(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一(yi)般的(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分(fen)離(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合一(yi)的(de)(de)方(fang)法，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬棒(bang)接高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)負極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)接地為(wei)正極(ji)，集塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)可以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)圓管，也可以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)平板(ban)。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高到(dao)數值后(hou)，放電(dian)極附近的(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)獲得了(le)較高的(de)能量和(he)速度(du)，它們撞擊空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中的(de)中性原子(zi)(zi)(zi)時，中性原子(zi)(zi)(zi)會分解成(cheng)正、負離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，這種(zhong)現象稱(cheng)為空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)離(li)。空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)離(li)后(hou)，由于聯鎖反應，在極間(jian)運動的(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)數大(da)(da)大(da)(da)增加，表現為極間(jian)的(de)電(dian)流急劇增加，空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)成(cheng)了(le)導體。放電(dian)極周圍(wei)(wei)的(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)全部電(dian)離(li)后(hou)，在放電(dian)極周圍(wei)(wei)可(ke)以看見一(yi)圈淡藍色(se)的(de)光(guang)環，這個光(guang)環稱(cheng)為電(dian)暈。電(dian)除塵器的(de)電(dian)暈范圍(wei)(wei)通常局限于金屬棒周圍(wei)(wei)幾毫米處。

空氣(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)暈(yun)范圍電(dian)離后(hou)，正離子(zi)很(hen)快向負(fu)極(ji)移動，只有負(fu)離子(zi)才會進(jin)入電(dian)暈(yun)外區(qu)(qu)，向陽(yang)極(ji)移動。含(han)塵空氣(qi)(qi)通過電(dian)除塵器(qi)時(shi)，由于(yu)電(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)(qu)的范圍很(hen)小(xiao)，只有少量的塵粒在(zai)(zai)電(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)(qu)通過，獲得正電(dian)荷，沉積在(zai)(zai)電(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)上。

大多(duo)數塵粒在電暈外(wai)區通(tong)過，獲得負電荷，沉積(ji)在陽極板上，當塵埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。