福建濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比(bi)電(dian)阻過低，塵(chen)(chen)粒難以保(bao)持在(zai)集塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)極(ji)上，致使其重返氣流。比(bi)電(dian)阻過高，到(dao)達集塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)極(ji)的塵(chen)(chen)粒電(dian)荷不(bu)易(yi)放(fang)出，在(zai)塵(chen)(chen)層(ceng)之間形(xing)成電(dian)壓(ya)梯度會產生局部擊穿和放(fang)電(dian)現象(xiang)。

這(zhe)些(xie)情(qing)況都會造成除塵(chen)(chen)效率下(xia)降(jiang)。工作(zuo)原(yuan)理/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器用強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)使灰塵(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒(li)(li)(li)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)(zai)其(qi)通過除塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極時,帶正(zheng)/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)(de)微(wei)粒(li)(li)(li)分(fen)別被負/正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極板吸附,即達到除塵(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de)(de).由(you)于輻射摩擦(ca)等(deng)原(yuan)因，空氣中含(han)有少(shao)量的(de)(de)(de)自由(you)離(li)子，單(dan)靠(kao)這(zhe)些(xie)自由(you)離(li)子是不(bu)可(ke)能使含(han)塵(chen)(chen)空氣中的(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)粒(li)(li)(li)充分(fen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)。因此，要利用靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使粉塵(chen)(chen)分(fen)離(li)須具備兩個基本條(tiao)件，一(yi)是存在(zai)(zai)使粉塵(chen)(chen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)；二是存在(zai)(zai)使荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒(li)(li)(li)分(fen)離(li)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)。一(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器采用荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)和分(fen)離(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)合一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)(de)(de)金屬棒接(jie)高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)負極，集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)極接(jie)地(di)為正(zheng)極，集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)極可(ke)以(yi)采用圓管，也可(ke)以(yi)采用平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高(gao)到數值后，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)附近(jin)的(de)(de)離子(zi)獲得了(le)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)和速度，它(ta)們撞(zhuang)擊空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)中(zhong)性原子(zi)時，中(zhong)性原子(zi)會分解成正(zheng)、負離子(zi)，這種(zhong)現象稱為空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離。空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離后，由于(yu)聯鎖反應(ying)，在(zai)極(ji)間運(yun)動(dong)的(de)(de)離子(zi)數大(da)大(da)增加，表現為極(ji)間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流急(ji)劇增加，空(kong)氣(qi)成了(le)導體。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)全部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離后，在(zai)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)(wei)(wei)可以看見一圈淡藍(lan)色的(de)(de)光環，這個光環稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)通(tong)常局限(xian)于(yu)金屬(shu)棒周圍(wei)(wei)(wei)幾(ji)毫米處。

空氣(qi)在電(dian)暈(yun)范圍電(dian)離后，正(zheng)離子(zi)(zi)很快(kuai)向負(fu)(fu)極移(yi)(yi)動，只(zhi)(zhi)有負(fu)(fu)離子(zi)(zi)才會進入電(dian)暈(yun)外(wai)區(qu)，向陽(yang)極移(yi)(yi)動。含塵(chen)空氣(qi)通過電(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)器時(shi)，由于電(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)的范圍很小，只(zhi)(zhi)有少量的塵(chen)粒在電(dian)暈(yun)區(qu)通過，獲得正(zheng)電(dian)荷(he)，沉積在電(dian)暈(yun)極上。

大多數塵粒在電(dian)暈外區通過，獲得負電(dian)荷，沉積在陽(yang)極板上，當塵埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。