德宏濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比(bi)(bi)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過低(di)，塵粒難(nan)以保(bao)持在(zai)集(ji)塵電(dian)(dian)極上，致(zhi)使其(qi)重返氣(qi)流。比(bi)(bi)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過高，到達(da)集(ji)塵電(dian)(dian)極的(de)塵粒電(dian)(dian)荷不易放出，在(zai)塵層之間形成電(dian)(dian)壓梯度會(hui)產生局部擊(ji)穿和放電(dian)(dian)現象。

這些情況都會造(zao)成(cheng)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效率(lv)下降。工作原理(li)/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器用(yong)(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)顆粒帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在其通過(guo)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)時,帶(dai)(dai)正/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)微粒分(fen)(fen)別被(bei)負/正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)板吸附,即達到除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de).由(you)于輻射摩擦等原因(yin)，空氣中含有少量(liang)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)由(you)離(li)子，單靠這些自(zi)(zi)由(you)離(li)子是(shi)(shi)不可(ke)能使(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)空氣中的(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)粒充分(fen)(fen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)。因(yin)此，要利用(yong)(yong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)分(fen)(fen)離(li)須具(ju)備(bei)兩個基本(ben)條件，一(yi)是(shi)(shi)存在使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是(shi)(shi)存在使(shi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)顆粒分(fen)(fen)離(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一(yi)般的(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器采用(yong)(yong)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和分(fen)(fen)離(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合一(yi)的(de)(de)方法(fa)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)金屬(shu)棒接(jie)(jie)高壓(ya)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)負極(ji)(ji)，集(ji)(ji)塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)接(jie)(jie)地為正極(ji)(ji)，集(ji)(ji)塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)可(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)圓(yuan)管，也(ye)可(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)平板。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升(sheng)高到數值后(hou)，放電極(ji)附近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)離子(zi)獲(huo)得了較高的(de)(de)(de)能量和速度(du)，它們(men)撞(zhuang)擊空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)時，中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)會(hui)分解成正、負離子(zi)，這種(zhong)現象(xiang)稱為空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)電離。空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)電離后(hou)，由于(yu)聯鎖反應，在(zai)極(ji)間運(yun)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)離子(zi)數大(da)大(da)增加，表現為極(ji)間的(de)(de)(de)電流急(ji)劇增加，空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)成了導體。放電極(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)全部電離后(hou)，在(zai)放電極(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)可以看見一圈淡藍色的(de)(de)(de)光環(huan)，這個光環(huan)稱為電暈(yun)。電除塵器的(de)(de)(de)電暈(yun)范圍(wei)通常局限(xian)于(yu)金屬棒周(zhou)圍(wei)幾毫(hao)米處。

空氣在電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)范圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)離后(hou)，正離子很快向負極(ji)移動(dong)，只(zhi)有負離子才會進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)外區，向陽(yang)極(ji)移動(dong)。含塵(chen)(chen)空氣通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器時(shi)，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)區的范圍很小，只(zhi)有少(shao)量的塵(chen)(chen)粒在電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)區通過，獲(huo)得(de)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，沉積在電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)極(ji)上。

大多數塵粒在(zai)電(dian)暈外區(qu)通過(guo)，獲得負電(dian)荷，沉積在(zai)陽極板(ban)上，當塵埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。