常州濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過低，塵(chen)粒難以保(bao)持(chi)在(zai)集(ji)塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)上，致使其(qi)重返氣流。比電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過高(gao)，到達集(ji)塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的塵(chen)粒電(dian)(dian)荷不易放出，在(zai)塵(chen)層之間形(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓梯度會產生局部擊穿和放電(dian)(dian)現象。

這(zhe)些(xie)情況都會造成除塵(chen)(chen)效率下降。工作原理(li)/靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器用(yong)(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場使(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)顆粒帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)其(qi)通過除塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極時,帶正(zheng)(zheng)/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微粒分(fen)(fen)別被負/正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極板(ban)吸附,即達(da)到除塵(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de).由于(yu)輻射摩擦(ca)等原因，空(kong)氣中(zhong)(zhong)含有少量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自由離子，單靠(kao)這(zhe)些(xie)自由離子是(shi)不可能使(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)空(kong)氣中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)粒充分(fen)(fen)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此，要利用(yong)(yong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)分(fen)(fen)離須(xu)具(ju)備(bei)兩個基本條件，一是(shi)存在(zai)使(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場；二(er)是(shi)存在(zai)使(shi)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)顆粒分(fen)(fen)離的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場。一般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器采(cai)用(yong)(yong)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場和分(fen)(fen)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場合一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬棒接高壓直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負極，集塵(chen)(chen)極接地為正(zheng)(zheng)極，集塵(chen)(chen)極可以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)圓管，也可以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)平板(ban)。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓升高(gao)到數(shu)(shu)值后，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極附近的(de)離(li)子(zi)獲得了較(jiao)高的(de)能量(liang)和速度，它(ta)們(men)撞擊空(kong)氣中(zhong)的(de)中(zhong)性原(yuan)子(zi)時(shi)，中(zhong)性原(yuan)子(zi)會分解(jie)成正、負(fu)離(li)子(zi)，這種現象稱為(wei)空(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)。空(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后，由于聯鎖(suo)反應(ying)，在極間運動的(de)離(li)子(zi)數(shu)(shu)大(da)大(da)增加(jia)，表(biao)現為(wei)極間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流急劇增加(jia)，空(kong)氣成了導體。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極周圍(wei)的(de)空(kong)氣全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后，在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)極周圍(wei)可以看見(jian)一圈淡藍色的(de)光環，這個光環稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈。電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈范(fan)圍(wei)通常局限于金屬(shu)棒周圍(wei)幾(ji)毫米處。

空(kong)氣在電(dian)暈范圍電(dian)離(li)后，正離(li)子很(hen)快向(xiang)負極(ji)移動(dong)，只(zhi)有(you)負離(li)子才會(hui)進(jin)入電(dian)暈外區(qu)，向(xiang)陽(yang)極(ji)移動(dong)。含塵(chen)空(kong)氣通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)除塵(chen)器時，由于電(dian)暈區(qu)的范圍很(hen)小(xiao)，只(zhi)有(you)少量的塵(chen)粒在電(dian)暈區(qu)通(tong)過(guo)，獲(huo)得正電(dian)荷，沉積在電(dian)暈極(ji)上。

大多數塵(chen)粒在電暈(yun)外區通過，獲得負電荷，沉積在陽(yang)極板上，當塵埃聚集到程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。