北京濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家

靜電除塵器靜

電除塵器的工作原理是利用高壓電場使煙氣發生電離，氣流中的粉塵荷電在電場作用下與氣流分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的金屬導線制成，叫放電電極。正極由不同幾何形狀的金屬板制成，叫集塵電極。靜電除塵器的性能受粉塵性質、設備構造和煙氣流速等三個因素的影響。粉塵的比電阻是評價導電性的指標，它對除塵效率有直接的影響。

比電(dian)(dian)阻過低，塵(chen)粒難(nan)以(yi)保持在集(ji)(ji)塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)上，致(zhi)使其重(zhong)返氣流(liu)。比電(dian)(dian)阻過高，到達集(ji)(ji)塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的塵(chen)粒電(dian)(dian)荷不易放出，在塵(chen)層之間形成電(dian)(dian)壓梯度會產(chan)生局(ju)部擊(ji)穿(chuan)和放電(dian)(dian)現象。

這些情況都會造成除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降。工(gong)作原理/靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)用(yong)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使(shi)(shi)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)(zai)其通過(guo)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)時(shi),帶正(zheng)(zheng)/負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)微粒分別被負/正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)吸附(fu),即達到除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)目的(de)(de)(de).由于輻射摩擦等原因(yin)，空氣中含有(you)少量的(de)(de)(de)自由離(li)子，單(dan)靠這些自由離(li)子是不可(ke)能使(shi)(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)空氣中的(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒充分荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此，要(yao)利(li)用(yong)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)分離(li)須(xu)具(ju)備兩個基本條件，一(yi)是存在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)；二是存在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒分離(li)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。一(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和(he)分離(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)合(he)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)金屬棒(bang)接高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)負極(ji)(ji)，集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)接地(di)為(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)，集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)圓(yuan)管，也可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)平板(ban)。

接通電源后，在電場作用下，空氣中的自由離子要向兩極移動，電壓愈高、電場強度愈高，離子的運動速度愈快。濕式靜電除塵器生產廠家由于離子的運動，極間形成了電流。開始時，空氣中的自由離子少，電流較少。

電壓(ya)升高到數值后，放(fang)電極(ji)附(fu)近的(de)(de)(de)離(li)(li)(li)子獲得(de)了(le)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)能量和速度(du)，它們撞擊空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣中的(de)(de)(de)中性原(yuan)子時，中性原(yuan)子會(hui)分解成正、負離(li)(li)(li)子，這種現(xian)象稱為空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣電離(li)(li)(li)。空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣電離(li)(li)(li)后，由于聯鎖反應，在(zai)極(ji)間運動的(de)(de)(de)離(li)(li)(li)子數大大增(zeng)加，表現(xian)為極(ji)間的(de)(de)(de)電流(liu)急劇(ju)增(zeng)加，空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣成了(le)導體。放(fang)電極(ji)周圍的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣全(quan)部電離(li)(li)(li)后，在(zai)放(fang)電極(ji)周圍可(ke)以(yi)看見一圈淡藍色的(de)(de)(de)光環(huan)(huan)，這個光環(huan)(huan)稱為電暈。電除塵器的(de)(de)(de)電暈范圍通(tong)常局限(xian)于金屬棒周圍幾毫米(mi)處。

空氣(qi)在電暈范圍電離后，正(zheng)離子很快向負極(ji)移動(dong)，只有(you)負離子才會進(jin)入電暈外(wai)區，向陽極(ji)移動(dong)。含(han)塵空氣(qi)通過電除塵器時，由于電暈區的范圍很小，只有(you)少量(liang)的塵粒在電暈區通過，獲得正(zheng)電荷，沉(chen)積在電暈極(ji)上。

大多數塵粒在電暈外(wai)區(qu)通過，獲得負電荷，沉積在陽極板(ban)上(shang)，當塵埃聚集(ji)到(dao)程度，由于重力作用，掉下聚集到收集槽內。靜電除塵器與其他除塵設備相比，耗能少，除塵效率高，適用于除去煙氣中0．01—50μm的粉塵，而且可用于煙氣溫度高、壓力大的場合。實踐表明，處理的煙氣量越大，使用靜電除塵器的投資和運行費用越經濟。